CAC 10-K & 10-Q changes, risk factors and insider trading

An investment in the Company involves risk, which could be substantial. Market, liquidity, credit, operational, legal, compliance, reputationalcompliance and strategic risks are inherent in our business. The material risks and uncertainties that management believes affect the Company are described below. Any of the following risks could affect the Company’s financial condition and results of operations and could be material and/or adverse in nature. You should consider all of the following risks together with all of the other information in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

We have been, and in the future may be, affected by general business and economic conditions in the U.S. and, to a lesser extent, abroad. These conditions include short-term and long-term interest rates, inflation, money supply, political issues, legislative and regulatory changes, fluctuations in both debt and equity capital markets, broad trends in industry and finance, unemployment, investor confidence and customer deposit behavior, all of which are beyond our control. These conditions can change suddenly and negatively. For example, changes in these conditions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical events such as Russia’s invasion in Ukraine, and inflation adversely affected our business in prior periods. In addition, volatility due to failures of other banks or general uncertainty regarding the health of banks may affect customer deposit behavior and cause deposit withdrawals, even if we are not experiencing the same uncertainty. Future changes in any of these conditions, whether related to pandemic, geopolitical conflict, the threat or occurrence of a U.S. sovereign default or government shutdown, a downgrade, or perceived future downgrade, in the U.S. sovereign credit rating or outlook, disruptions in the financial services industry or other future events that we are unable to predict, could result in increases in loan delinquencies and non-performing assets, decreases in loan collateral values, the value of our investment portfolio and demand for our products and services or otherwise adversely affect our financial condition or results of operations.

In responseaddition, to inflation, the Federal Reserve raised targeted Effective Federal Funds Rate throughout 2022 and 2023, and in 2024 began to lower interest rates. The Federal Reserve Board may continue to lower short-term interest rates during 2025 in response to economic conditions. Longer-term interest rates, while volatile, have remained elevated. Volatilityvolatility in interest rates can result in customer deposits flowing away from financial institutions into direct investments, and a prolonged high-interest rate environment may cause the Bank to experience increased deposit migration. This may cause the Bank to lose some of its low-cost deposit funding or could adversely affect the Bank’s operations and liquidity. Customers may also continue to move non-interest-bearing deposits into interest-bearing accounts, thereby increasing our overall deposit costs. Higher funding costs may continue to reduce our net interest margin and net interest income.

There has been recent significant change to U.S. trade policies, including tariffs affecting China,numerous Canadacountries, andas Mexicowell as the imposition of retaliatory tariffs against the United States, and there continues to be significant discussion regarding other potential changes to U.S. trade policies, treaties and tariffs, including the potential for additional tariffs. In addition, retaliatory tariffs have been imposed and additional retaliatory tariffs are likely. Tariffs, retaliatory tariffs or other trade restrictions on products and materials that our customers import or export could cause the prices of our customers’ products to increase, which could reduce demand for such products. Any of these effects could adversely affect the ability of our customers to pay their loans. For example, tariffs on Canadian imports could negatively affect a number of industries in Maine, and therefore our customers. In addition, if prices of consumer goods increase materially due to tariffs or other trade policy, the ability of individual households to pay their mortgages and other debt may be affected negatively. If our borrowers are unable to pay their loans, it would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations. At this time, we are unable to predict whether and to what extent additional or higher tariffs or retaliatory tariffs will be imposed. This uncertainty complicates business planning for our customers in certain industries, and any resulting changes in our customers’ spending and borrowing patterns in response to this uncertainty could have an adverse effect on our business and results of operations.

Prior to 2025, we primarily served individuals and businesses located in the state of Maine, with 68% of our loan portfolio concentrated among borrowers in Maine as of December 31, 2024, with higher concentrations of exposure in Cumberland, Kennebec, Knox and York counties. Although our loan portfolio became more geographically diverse following our acquisition of Northway, our loan portfolio remains significantly concentrated among Northern New England borrowers, with over 50% still located in Maine. Because a substantial portion of the loan portfolio is secured by real estate in this area, the value of the associated collateral is also subject to regional real estate market conditions. Adverse economic, political or business developments or natural hazards, the severity and frequency of which are increasing as a result of climate change, may affect these areas and the ability of property owners in these areas to make payments of principal and interest on the underlying mortgages. If these regions experience adverse economic, political or business conditions, such as prolonged elevated inflation and interest rates, or if they experience a pandemic or similar event, we likely would likelyhave higher rates of loss and delinquency on these loans than if the loans were more geographically diverse. In addition, adverse economic, political or other events may affect certain industries in our markets more than others. For example, the COVID-19 pandemic adversely affectedaffected, and future pandemics may affect, hospitality, transportation and commercial real estate industries in Maine. Negative effects on those industries could result in higher rates of loss and delinquency on our loans, which could have a material, adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

At December 31, 2024,2025, our commercial real estate and commercial loan portfolios comprised 51%52% of our total loan balances. Commercial loans generally carry larger loan balances and involve a higher risk of nonpayment or late payment than residential mortgage loans. Commercial loans may lack standardized terms and may include a balloon payment feature. The ability of a borrower to make or refinance a balloon payment may be affected by a number of factors, including the financial condition of the borrower, prevailing economic conditions and prevailing interest rates, and rising interest rates may make it more difficult or impossible for borrowers to refinance maturing loans. Repayment of these loans is generally more dependent on the economy and the successful operation of a business. High vacancy rates in commercial properties have affected, and in the future may affect, the value of commercial real estate, including by causing the value of properties securing commercial real estate loans to be less than the amounts owed on such loans. BecauseBeca use of the risks associated with commercial loans, we may experience higher rates of default, and other risks described above may be more pronounced, than if the portfolio were more heavily weighted toward residential mortgage loans. Higher rates of default or other events could cause us to experience higher credit losses or could otherwise have an adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operations.

Competition in the banking and financial services industry is strong. In our market areas, we compete for loans, deposits and other financial products and services with large financial companies, local independent banks, thrift institutions, savings institutions, mortgage brokerage firms, credit unions, finance companies, mutual funds, insurance companies, brokerage and investment banking firms, and other financial intermediaries that offer similar services. Some of these competitors have substantially greater resources and lending limits than those of the Bank and may offer services that the Bank does not or cannot provide. Some of our non-bank competitors are not subject to the same extensive regulations we are, and, as a result, may be able to compete more effectively for business. In particular, the activity of non-bank lenders and other financial technology companies (“fintechs”) has grown significantly over recent years and is expected to continue to grow. Fintechs have offered and may continue to offer bank or bank-like products. For example, a number of fintechs have applied for, and in some cases received, bank, non-depository national bank or industrial loan charters. Under the current administration, certain U.S. banking regulators have processed charter applications on an accelerated timeline, including applications filed by fintechs. In addition, other fintechs have partnered with existing banks to allow them to offer deposit and loan products to their customers. Regulatory changes may also make it easier for fintechs to partner with banks and offer deposit products, or increase the ability of fintechs to compete through the use of non-banking products such as cryptocurrency or alternative payment systems. In July 2025, President Trump signed into law the “Guiding and Establishing National Innovation for U.S. Stablecoins Act” or the “GENIUS Act.” The GENIUS Act establishes a regulatory framework for “payment stablecoins” and their issuers. Consumers and businesses may view payment stablecoins as a substitute for traditional bank deposits, which could result in deposit withdrawals and increased competition with the Bank’s deposit products. The GENIUS Act requires the Treasury Department and federal and state regulators to issue regulations on numerous topics to interpret and implement the statute. The effect of the GENIUS Act on the Company and the Bank will depend on the final form of any regulations and cannot be predicted at this time. There is also increased competition by out-of-market competitors through online and mobile channels. Our long-term success depends on our ability to compete successfully with other financial institutions and fintechs. Because we maintain a smaller staff and have fewer financial and other resources than larger institutions with which we compete, we may be limited in our ability to attract customers. If we are unable to attract and retain customers, we may be unable to achieve growth in the loan and core deposit portfolios, and our results of operations and financial condition may be negatively affected.

Sustainability-related topics as well as companies’ actions and initiatives on such issues, have received significant attention from a wide range of stakeholders. The U.S. federal government, U.S. states and certain other countries and regions have adopted or are considering legislation, regulation or policies on these topics. Compliance with such laws, regulations or policies, including any that may be adopted in the future, could, among other things, increase the costs of operating our businesses, reduce the demand for our products and services and impact the prices we charge our customers, any or all of which could adversely affect our results of operations. In addition, policymakers in some jurisdictions have adopted or proposed laws, regulations and policies that diverge from, or potentially conflict with, those in other jurisdictions. Failure to comply with any legislation, regulation or policy, including as a result of making good faith interpretations that may differ from those taken by enforcement authorities in relevant jurisdictions, could potentially result in substantial fines, criminal sanctions, reputationaldamage harmto the Company’s brand or operational changes. Moreover, our customers, stockholders, employees and other stakeholders have diverse expectations, demands and perspective on these topics, which are continuing to evolve. We may not be able to meet the diverse expectations and demands of all our stakeholders, which could harm our reputation,brand, reduce customer demand for our products and services, and subject us to legal and operational risks.

In pursuing acquisition opportunities, we may be in competition with other companies having similar growth strategies, including banks, bank holding companies, mutual banks and mutual holding companies. In addition, economic conditions may impede our ability to identify or acquire acquisition candidates. In particular, current market conditions have resulted in large unrealized losses in the investment portfolios at many banking organizations. If we were to acquire such an organization, any such losses would be recognized, thereby impeding our ability to complete an acquisition on acceptable terms. Furthermore, a number of banks in our markets or neighboring markets are organized as mutual banks and may not be interested in a transaction with a counterparty that is not organized in the same manner, such as the Company. These and other economic factors or competition for these acquisitions could result in increased acquisition prices and a lack of attractive acquisition opportunities. As a result, we may not be able to identify or acquire acquisition candidates.

Deposits are a low cost,low-cost, stable source of funding. We compete with banks, other financial institutions and fintechs for deposits. Increases in short-term interest rates throughout 2022 and 2023 resulted in more intense competition in deposit pricing. Competition and increasing interest rates caused us to increase the interest rates we pay on deposits. Although the Federal Reserve began to lower short-term interest rates in 2024, competition for deposits remains elevated. In addition, a loss in the value of our investment or loan portfolio, perceived concerns regarding our or the Bank’s capital position or perceived concerns regarding the level of the Bank’s uninsured and uncollateralized deposits could cause rapid and significant deposit outflows. Funding costs may increase further if we lose deposits and are forced to replace them with more expensive sources of funding, if clients shift their deposits into higher cost products or if we need to continue to raise interest rates to avoid losing deposits. Higher funding costs reduce our net interest margin, net interest income and net income. If we were to experience a significant outflow of deposits, we may face significantly increased funding costs, suffer significant losses and have a significantly reduced ability to raise new capital.

The Company and the Bank must maintain sufficient funds to respond to the needs of depositors and borrowers. To manage liquidity, we draw upon a number of funding sources in addition to core deposit growth and repayments and maturities of loans and investments. These sources include brokered deposits, borrowings through the Federal Home Loan Bank of Boston (“FHLBB”) and correspondent banks, proceeds from the sale of investments and loans, and liquidity resources at the holding company. Our ability to manage liquidity will be severely constrained if we are unable to maintain access to funding or if adequate financing is not available to accommodate future growth at acceptable costs, or if there are unforeseen outflows of cash or collateral, such as that seen by certain banks that experienced large and sudden outflows of deposits in 2023.collateral. In addition, if we are required to rely more heavily on more expensive funding sources to support future growth, our revenues may not increase proportionately to cover our costs. In this case, operating margins and profitability would be adversely affected. Turbulence in the capital and credit markets may adversely affect our liquidity and financial condition and the willingness of certain counterparties and customers to do business with us.

Holders of our common stock are entitled to receive dividends only when, and if declared by our Board of Directors. Although we have historically declared cash dividends on our common stock, we are not required to do so and our Board of Directors may reduce or eliminate our common stock dividend in the future. The FRB has authority to prohibit bank holding companies from paying dividends if such payment is deemed to be an unsafe or unsound practice. Additionally, the OCC has the authority to use its enforcement powers to prohibit a bank from paying dividends if, in its opinion, the payment of dividends would constitute an unsafe or unsound practice. Further, as a bank holding company, we are required to inform and consult with FRB supervisory staff prior to declaring and paying a dividend that exceeds earnings for the period for which the dividend is being paid. If we experience losses in a series of consecutive quarters, we may be required to inform and consult with the FRB supervisory staff prior to declaring or paying any dividends. In this event, there can be no assurance that the FRB will approve the payment of such dividends. Our ability to pay dividends would also be restricted under current regulatory capital rules if we do not maintain a capital conservation buffer. A reduction or elimination of dividends could adversely affect the market price of our common stock. See Item 1. “Business—Supervision and Regulation—Dividend Restrictions” and “Business—Supervision and Regulation—Regulatory Capital Requirements.”

We are unable to predict the form or nature of any future changes to statutes or regulation, including the interpretation or implementation thereof. Changes to statutes, regulations, or regulatory policies, including changes in interpretation or implementation of statutes, regulations, or policies, have and could in the future subject us to additional costs, limit the types of financial services and products we may offer, and/or increase the ability of non-banks to offer competing financial services and products, among other things. Failure to comply with laws, regulations, policies or supervisory guidance could result in enforcement and other legal actions by federal or state authorities, including criminal and civil penalties, the loss of FDIC insurance, revocation of a banking charter, other sanctions by regulatory agencies, civil money penalties, and/or reputationaldamage damage,to our brand, which could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition, and results of operations. See Item 1., “Business—Supervision and Regulation.”

As a participant in the financial services industry, many aspects of the Company’s business involve substantial risk of legal liability. For example, banking organizations have been subject to claims regarding patent infringement or other violations of intellectual property rights in recent years which, in some cases, have resulted in large judgments against the banks. From time to time, we are named or threatened to be named as defendants in various lawsuits, including class actions, arising from our business activities. In addition, when other financial institutions receive adverse judgments in litigation or agree to settlements, that may encourage plaintiffs and their attorneys to bring and maintain claims, including class actions, against other financial institutions, including the Company. There is no assurance that litigation with private parties will not increase in the future. Future actions against us may result in judgments, settlements, fines, penalties or other results adverse to us, which could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations, or cause serious reputational harm to us.our brand. In addition, the scope of insurance coverage we maintain may not provide us with full, or even partial, coverage in any particular case. As a result, a judgment against us in any such litigation and/or legal costs incurred in defending us against such litigation could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition and results of operation.

The financial services industry is subject to intense scrutiny from bank supervisors in the examination process and aggressive enforcement of federal and state regulations, particularly with respect to mortgage-related practices and other consumer compliance matters, and compliance with AML, BSA and OFAC regulations, and economic sanctions against certain foreign countries and nationals. Enforcement actions may be initiated for violations of laws and regulations and unsafe or unsound practices. In addition, some legal/regulatory frameworks provide for the imposition of fines or penalties for noncompliance even though the noncompliance was inadvertent or unintentional and even though there were systems and procedures designed to ensure compliance in place at the time. There have been a number of significant enforcement actions in recent years by regulators, state attorneys general and the Department of Justice against banks and other non-bank financial institutions with respect to AML and sanctions laws, and some have resulted in substantial penalties including criminal pleas. Although the Company and the Bank have adopted policies and procedures designed to comply with these laws, any failure to comply with these laws and other regulations, or to maintain an adequate compliance program, could result in significant fines, penalties, lawsuits, regulatory sanctions, reputationaldamage damage,to our brand, or restrictions on our business.

Damage to our reputationbrand could significantly harm our business.

We are dependent on our reputation within our market area, as a trusted and responsible financial company, for all aspects of our relationships with customers, employees, vendors, third-party service providers and others with whom we conduct business or potential future business, particularly because our business is primarily concentrated in certain areas of Northern New England. Our actual or perceived failure to (i) identify and address potential conflicts of interest, ethical issues, money-laundering, or privacy issues; (ii) meet legal and regulatory requirements applicable to the Bank and to the Company; (iii) maintain the privacy of customer and accompanying personal information; (iv) maintain adequate record keeping; (v) engage in proper sales and trading practices; and (vi) identify the legal, reputational, credit, liquidity and market risks inherent in our products; or any action of one of our employees that results in actual or perceived misconduct or error, among other things, could giveresult risein damage to reputationalour riskbrand that could cause harm to the Bank and our business prospects. If we fail to address any of these issues in an appropriate manner, we could be subject to additional legal risks, which, in turn, could increase the size and number of litigation claims and damages asserted or subject us to enforcement actions, fines and penalties and cause us to incur related costs and expenses. Because we primarily serve individuals and businesses located in Maine and New Hampshire, any negative impact resulting from reputationalharm harm,to our brand, including any impact on our ability to attract and retain customers and employees, likely would be greater than if our business were more geographically diverse. Moreover, the advent and expansion of social media creates the potential for rapid and widespread dissemination of information, including inaccurate, misleading, or false information, that could damage our reputationbrand and affect our ability to attract and retain customers and employees.

We seek to monitor and control our risk exposure through a risk and control framework encompassing a variety of separate but complementary financial, credit, operational, compliance and legal reporting systems, internal controls, management review processes and other mechanisms. While we employ a broad and diversified set of risk monitoring and risk mitigation techniques, those techniques and the judgments that accompany their application may not be effective and may not anticipate every economic and financial outcome in all market environments or the specifics and timing of such outcomes. Market conditions over the last several years have involved unprecedented dislocations and highlight the limitations inherent in using historical data to manage risk. If our risk and control framework, or the assumptions underlying our framework, prove ineffective, we may not be able to mitigate our risk exposures effectively, and, as a result, we could incur litigation, negative regulatory consequences, reputationaldamage damageto our brand or other adverse consequences, and we could suffer unexpected losses that may affect our business, financial condition or results of operations.

In the ordinary course of business, we rely on electronic communications and information systems to conduct our business and to store sensitive data, including financial information regarding customers. We are subject to certain operational risks, including, but not limited to, data processing system failures and errors, inadequate or failed internal processes, human error, customer or employee fraud, cyberattacks, hacking, identity theft and catastrophic failures resulting from terrorist acts or natural disasters. We depend upon data processing, software, communication, and information exchange on a variety of computing platforms and networks and over the internet, and we rely on the services of a variety of vendors to meet our data processing and communication needs. We cannot be certain that all of our systems are entirely free from vulnerability to attack or other technological difficulties or failures. If information security is breached or other technology difficulties or failures occur, information may be lost or misappropriated, services and operations may be interrupted and we could be exposed to claims from customers. A cybersecurity breach or cyberattack could persist for an extended period before being detected and could result in theft of sensitive data or disruption of our transaction processing systems. Any of these results could have a material adverse effect on our reputation,brand, business, financial condition, results of operations or liquidity.

We may not be able to anticipate, detect, or implement effective preventative measures against all potential threats, particularly because the techniques used by cyber criminals change frequently, often are not recognized until launched and can be initiated from a variety of sources. In addition, a cybersecurity breach or cyberattack could persist for an extended period before being detected, which could exacerbate the harmful effects of a successful cyberattack. If one or more of the events described above occurs, this could result in the unauthorized release, gathering, monitoring, misuse, loss or destruction of our or our customers’ confidential, proprietary and other information, the theft of customer assets through fraudulent transactions or disruption of our or our customers’ or other third parties’ business operations, which could result in legal or regulatory action, significant losses, increased compliance costs or reputationaldamage damage,to our brand, any of which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or results of operations. Because the investigation of any information security breach is inherently unpredictable and would require substantial time to complete, the Company may not be able to quickly remediate the consequences of any breach, which may increase the costs, and enhance the negative consequences associated with a breach. In addition, to the extent the Company’s insurance covers aspects of any breach, such insurance may not be sufficient to cover all of the Company’s losses.

We must adapt to information technology changes in the financial services industry, which could present operational issues, require significant capital spending, or impactaffect our reputation.brand.

Third parties with which we do business could also be sources of information security risk to us, including from breakdowns, systems failures or cyber threats through their systems to our systems. Any of these occurrences could impact our ability to operate our business, or cause financial loss, potential liability to clients, reputationaldamage damageto our brand or regulatory consequences, any of which could have a material adverse effect on our financial condition or results of operations.

Our operations and financial performance could be adversely affected by natural disasters, and climate change may exacerbate those risks and create compliance, strategic, reputationalstrategic and other risks.

Our business, as well as the operations and activities of our customers, could be negatively affected by climate change. Climate change presents both immediate and long-term risks to us and our customers and these risks are expected to increase over time. Climate change presents several risks, including (i) operational risk from the physical effects of climate events on our facilities and other assets, on our vendors’ facilities and on our customers’ assets, including real estate pledged as collateral for our loans; and (ii) transitional risks, including new or more stringent regulatory requirements and potential effects on our reputationbrand and/or changes in our business as a result of our climate change practices, our carbon footprint and our business relationships with customers who operate in carbon-intensive industries.

To the extent the U.S. continues to transition to a low-carbon economy, related risks may arise from changes in consumer preferences, technologies, public policies and legal and regulatory requirements. New laws and regulations could result in significant costs as the we implement compliance, disclosure and other programs. Failure to comply with any applicable laws or regulations could result in legal or regulatory sanctions and harm to our reputation.brand. Failure to adequately consider transition risks in our operations could lead to a loss of market share, lower revenues, decreased asset values and higher credit costs. In addition, we may not be able to meet the diverging expectations and priorities of different groups, including our employees, shareholders and regulators. We could also experience increased expenses resulting from strategic planning, litigation and technology and market changes, and reputationalharm harmto our brand as a result of negative public sentiment, regulatory scrutiny and reduced investor and employee confidence due to our response to climate change and our climate change strategy.

Acts of terrorism, war or other international hostilities, civil unrest, violence or pandemics could cause disruptions to our business or the economy as a whole, such as the disruptions experienced during the COVID-19 pandemic.whole. Any of these events could affect us directly (for example, by interrupting our systems, causing significant damage to our facilities or otherwise preventing us from conducting our ordinary business) or indirectly as a result of effects on our borrowers and other customers or third-party vendors (for example, by damaging property pledged as collateral for our loans). The Company has suffered, and could in the future suffer, adverse consequences to the extent that pandemics, terrorist activities, civil unrest, international hostilities, or other external events affect the financial markets or the economy in general or in any region in which the Company, or third parties on which the Company relies, operate.

On January 2, 2025, we completed the acquisition of Northway. As part of this acquisition, we expect additional goodwill and other intangible assets to bewere recognized upon completion of our purchase accounting, as further described within Note 232 of the consolidated financial statements. The goodwill and intangible assets created from the acquisition of Northway will also bewere subject to assessment for impairment as described above.

Our accounting policies and methods are fundamental to how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. From time to time, the FASB and the SEC change the financial accounting and reporting standards that govern the preparation of our financial statements. These changes can be hard to anticipate and implement and can materially impact how we record and report our financial condition and results of operations. For example, the introduction of Accounting Standard Update No. 2016-13, Financial Instruments -– Credit Losses (Topic 326): Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments (“ASU 2016-13”), as updated, commonly referred to as “CECL,” substantially changed how we calculate our allowance for credit losses. Other future changes in accounting standards could materially impact how we report our financial condition, and we cannot predict whether such standards will be adopted or their resultant impact.

In addition to evaluating the Company’s results of operations in accordance with GAAP, management supplements this evaluation with an analysis of certain non-GAAP financial measures, such as coreadjusted net income; coreadjusted diluted earnings per share; coreadjusted return on average assets; coreadjusted return on average equity; pre-tax, pre-provision income and coreadjusted pre-tax, pre-provision; income; the efficiency ratio; return on average tangible equity and coreadjusted return on average tangible equity; tangible book value per share and tangible common equity ratio; net interest income (fully-taxable equivalent); core net interest margin (fully taxable equivalent); and core deposits and average core deposits. We utilize these non-GAAP financial measures for purposes of measuring our performance against our peer group and other financial institutions and analyzing our internal performance. We also believe these non-GAAP financial measures help investors better understand the Company’s operating performance and trends and allow for better performance comparisons to other banks. In addition, these non-GAAP financial measures remove the impact of unusual items that may obscure trends in the Company’s underlying performance. These disclosures should not be viewed as a substitute for GAAP operating results, nor are they necessarily comparable to non-GAAP performance measures that may be presented by other financial institutions.

CoreAdjusted Net Income; CoreAdjusted Diluted Earnings per Share; CoreAdjusted Return on Average Assets; and CoreAdjusted Return on Average Equity. CoreAdjusted net income, coreadjusted diluted earnings per share, coreadjusted return on average assets and coreadjusted return on average equity are each supplemental measures that exclude certain transactions as outlined and calculated in the table below. Each item reconciles to reported net income, diluted earnings per share, return on average assets and return on average equity. The Company believes these coreadjusted financial metrics assist users of its financial statements with their financial analysis period-over-period as they are coreadjusted for certain non-recurring items.

Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income and Adjusted Pre-Tax, Pre-Provision Income. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is a supplemental measure of operating earnings and performance. Pre-tax, pre-provision income is calculated as net income before adjustment for provision (credit) provision for credit losses and adjustment for income tax expense. This supplemental measure became a widely used by financial institutions as a measure of financial performance for comparability across financial institutions.

Efficiency Ratio. The efficiency ratio represents an approximate measure of the cost required for the Company to generate a dollar of revenue. This is a common measure used by financial institutions and is a key ratio for evaluating Company performance. The efficiency ratio is calculated as the ratio of (i) total non-interest expense, adjusted for certain operating expenses, as necessarynecessary, to (ii) net interest income on a tax equivalent basis plus total non-interest income, adjusted for certain other income items, as necessary.

Return on Average Tangible Equity and CoreAdjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for tax effected amortization of core deposit intangibleCDI assets and other adjustments, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and core deposit intangibleCDI assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholders' return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common performance measure within the financial services industry. Core return on average tangible equity is calculated the same as return on average tangible equity but uses core net income which excludes certain transactions as shown in the table above. The Company believes this adjusted metric assists users of its financial statements with their period-over-period financial analysis as it is adjusted for certain non-recurring items.

Tangible Book Value per Share and Tangible Common Equity Ratio. Tangible book value per share is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill, and core deposit intangibleCDI assets to (ii) total common shares outstanding at period end. Tangible book value per share is a common measure within our industry when assessing the value of a company as it removes goodwill and other intangible assets generated within purchase accounting upon a business combination.

Tangible common equity is the ratio of (i) shareholders’ equity less goodwill and core deposit intangibleCDI assets to (ii) total assets less goodwill and core deposit intangibleCDI assets. This ratio is a measure used within our industry to assess whether or not a company is highly leveraged.

Critical accounting estimates are defined as those that are reflective of significant judgments and uncertainties, and could potentially result in materially different results under different assumptions and conditions. In preparing the Company’s consolidated financial statements, management is required to make significant estimates and assumptions that affect assets, liabilities, revenues, and expenses reported. Actual results could materially differ from our current estimates, as a result of changing conditions and future events. Estimates particularly critical and susceptible to significant near-term change, include (i) the ACL on loans andloans, (ii) accountingfair forvalue acquisitionsof loans acquired in business combinations and the(iii) subsequent review of goodwill and intangible assets generated in an acquisition for impairment.goodwill.

•Macroeconomic factors (loss drivers): Macroeconomic factors are used within our discounted cash flow model to forecast the PD over the forecast period. As macroeconomic factor conditions worsen, the PD increases, and the corresponding LGD increases, resulting in an increase in the ACL on loans. To identify the most appropriate loss drivers for each portfolio segment, we evaluate a broad set of economic indicators and perform correlation and back‑testing analyses to determine which variables demonstrate the strongest and most stable relationship to historical loss experience. We monitor and assess Maine unemployment, changes in MaineNational GDP, changes in National GDP,Retail Sales, and changes in Maine's Housing Price Index at least annually to determine if these macroeconomic factors continue to be the most predictive indicator of losses within our loan portfolio. Macroeconomic factors used in the calculation of the ACL on loans may change from time to time and in times of greater uncertainty, we may consider a range of possible forecasts and evaluate the probability of each scenario. We assessedreassessed our loss factors again in the fourthfirst quarter of 20242025 and thereremoved werechange noin changesMaine madeGDP and added change in National Retail Sales to be used within the ACLdiscounted oncash loansflow calculation for reporting as of December 31, 2024.model.

•Qualitative factors: Companies are required to consider various qualitative factors that may impact expected credit losses. We continue to consider qualitative factors in determining and arriving at our ACL on loans each reporting period. In 20242025, we provided for an additional qualitative factor for the Companyloans increasedacquired in the qualitativeNorthway factors used to address the increased risk for all loans that were rated as criticized or classified.acquisition.

Purchase Price Allocation and Impairment of Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets.Goodwill. We record all acquired assets and liabilities at fair value, which is an estimate determined by the use of internal valuation techniques. We also may engageand external valuation services to assist with the valuation of material assets and liabilities acquired, including, but not limited to, loans, core deposit intangibles and/or other intangible assets, real estate and time deposits.techniques. As part of purchase accounting, we typically acquire goodwill and other intangible assets as part of the purchase price.price, Thesewhich assets areis subject to ongoing periodic impairment tests under differing accounting models. We did not acquire any other company or assets during 2024 or 2023, however, refer to Note 23 of the consolidated financial statements for subsequent events.tests.

Financial2025 Highlights. Our financial highlights for 20242025 include:

Strong Asset Quality – Key credit quality metrics in both commercial and consumer portfolios remained resilient throughout 2024,2025, headlined by non-performing assets of 0.11%0.10% of total assets and past due loans of 0.05%0.16% of total loans at December 31, 2024.2025. Net charge-offs increased to 0.31% to average loans for 2025, compared to 0.03% for 2024, driven by two charge-offs in our commercial portfolio. The Company considers the two charge-offs in 2025 to be isolated incidents and does not believe they represent a systematic trend within the commercial portfolio.

Net Interest Income. Net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the year ended December 31, 20242025 was $133.1$204.6 million, a slight decrease of $75,000 from 2023. The decrease consisted of a $23.1 million, or 25%, increase in interest expense, which was partially offset by an increase in interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis of $23.354% million,from or 10%, between periods.2024.

Net Interest Margin. Net interest margin is calculated as net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis as a percentage of average interest-earning assets. Our net interest margin on a fully-taxable equivalent basis was 3.17% for each of the yearsyear ended December 31, 20242025, andcompared 2023to 2.46% for 2024. On a non-GAAP basis, adjusted for fair value market accretion income recognized from purchase accounting, our core net interest margin was 2.46%.2.82% for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to 2.46% for 2024.

Provision (Credit) Provision for Credit Losses

The provision (credit) provision for credit losses was made up of the following components for the periods indicated:

•changes in trade, monetary, and fiscal policies and laws, including interest rate policies of the Board of Governors of the Federal Reserve System or the imposition of tariffs or retaliatory tariffs and related litigation;

•the effects of civil unrest, international hostilities, including hostilitiesthe continuation of conflict in Iran,the orMiddle other geopolitical eventsEast;

Return on Average Tangible Equity and Adjusted Return on Average Tangible Equity. Return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) net income, adjusted for (a) amortization of CDI assets and the tax impact of the adjustment and (b) goodwill impairment, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and CDI assets. This adjusted financial ratio reflects a shareholder's return on tangible capital deployed in our business and is a common measure within the financial services industry. Adjusted return on average tangible equity is the ratio of (i) adjusted net income (as defined in the table above) adjusted for (a) amortization of CDI assets and the tax impact of the adjustment and (b) goodwill impairment, as necessary, to (ii) average shareholders' equity, adjusted for average goodwill and CDI assets.

(1) Recognized $3.7$3.3 million and $4.3$6.9 million of net accretion income on loans from purchase accounting for the three and six months ended MarchJune 31,30, 20262026, respectively, and $4.3 million and $8.6 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.

(2) Recognized $759,000$818,000 and $831,000$1.6 million of net accretion income on investments from purchase accounting for the three and six months ended MarchJune 31,30, 20262026, respectively, and $863,000 and $1.7 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025, respectively.

(3) Recognized $75,000 and $150,000 of amortization expense on borrowings from purchase accounting for the three and six months ended MarchJune 31,30, 20262026, respectively and $131,000 and $262,000 of amortization expense on time deposits and borrowings from purchase accounting for the three and six months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2025.2025, respectively.

Camden National Corporation (hereafter referred to as “we,” “our,” “us,” or the “Company”) is a publicly-held bank holding company, with $7.0 billion in assets as of MarchJune 31,30, 2026, incorporated under the laws of the State of Maine and headquartered in Camden, Maine. Camden National Bank (the “Bank”), a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Company, was founded in 1875. The Company was founded in 1984, went public in 1997 and is registered with NASDAQ Global Market (“NASDAQ”) under the ticker symbol “CAC.”

For the quarter ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026, net interest income totaled $52.4$52.9 million, representing approximately 81%79% of total revenues, compared to $48.8$49.2 million, or 81%79% of total revenues, for the same period in 2025. Net interest income is affected by factors including, but not limited to, changes in interest rates, loan and deposit pricing strategies and competitive conditions, loan prepayment speeds, the volume and mix of interest‑earning assets and interest‑bearing liabilities, and the level of non‑performing assets.

Net Interest Income (Fully-Taxable Equivalent) for the Three Months Ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026 and 2025. On a fully-taxable equivalent basis, net interest income for the three months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026 was $52.6 $53.2 million, an increase of $3.4$3.6 million, or 7%, compared to the same period in 2025. The increase between periods was driven primarily by a decrease in interest expense of $3.5$4.1 million, or 12%, and13%, partially offset by a decrease in interest income, on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, of $125,000,$415,000, or less than 1%.

Average funding liabilities totaled $6.1 billion for the firstsecond quarter of 2026, a decrease of $34.8$16.3 million, or less than 1%, compared to the firstsecond quarter of 2025. Interest expense for the firstsecond quarter of 2026 decreased $3.5$4.1 million, primarily due to a reduction in the average cost of funds of 2226 basis points to 1.72%.1.70%. The decrease in the average cost of funds reflects changes in the interest rate environment, as well as a reduction in average highhigher‑cost brokered deposits of $67.3$93.6 million between periods. The Federal Funds Effective Rate for the firstsecond quarter of 2026 was 3.64%,3.63%, which was 6970 basis points lower than the same period of 2025.

Average interest‑earning assets totaled $6.5 billion for the firstsecond quarter of 2026, an increase of $31.3 $51.3 million, or 1%, compared to the firstsecond quarter of 2025. The decrease in interest income between periods of $125,000$415,000 was primarily attributable to a reduction in the recognition of net fair value mark accretion from purchase accounting, which declined by $727,000$956,000 between periods to $4.3$4.0 million in the firstsecond quarter of 2026. Fair value mark accretion recognized during the quarter consisted of $3.7$3.3 million related to loans and $759,000$818,000 related to investments, decreases of $655,000$967,000 and $72,000,$45,000, respectively, between periods.

Net Interest Margin (Fully-Taxable Equivalent) for the Three Months Ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026 and 2025. Net interest margin, on a fully-taxable equivalent basis, for the three months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026 was 3.24%,3.26%, an increase of 20 basis points over the three months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2025. Refer to the discussion above for a description of the factors contributing to the change between periods. Adjusting for the impact of net fair value marketmark accretion income from purchase accounting, which contributed $4.3$4.0 million and $5.0$4.9 million to net interest income on a fully-taxable equivalent basis for the firstsecond quarter of 2026 and 2025, respectively, the Company reported non-GAAP, core net interest margin of 2.92%2.97% for the three months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026, an increase of 2427 basis points over the same period of 2025.

(1)Income from fiduciary services: The increase betweenfor the three and six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same periods in 2025, was driven by thean increase in assets under management of $120.3$119.8 million, or 10%, to $1.3$1.4 billion at MarchJune 31,30, 2026.

(24)Mortgage banking income, net: The increase betweenfor the three and six months ended June 30, 2026 compared to the same periods in 2025, was driven by thehigher increasegains in the gain fromon the sale of residential mortgage loans. During the three and six months ended MarchJune 31,30, 2026, the Company sold $61.0$68.7 million and $129.0 million, or 52%47% and 48%, respectively, of its residential mortgage production, compared to $41.8$48.4 million and $90.3 million, or 55%39% and 45%, respectively, for the same periodperiods ofin 2025.

(2)Consulting and professional fees: The decrease betweenfor periodsthe six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the same period in 2025, was primarily driven by the discontinuance of a number of legacy Northway consulting arrangements that were no longer requirednecessary following the acquisition of Northway on January 2, 2025, and the completion of integration activities in mid-March 20252025, as we achievedrealized our expected merger synergies.

(3)Merger and acquisition costs: The merger and acquisition costs occurredincurred infor the firstthree quarterand ofsix 2025months ended June 30, 2025, were related to the Northway acquisition.acquisition, which closed on January 2, 2025 . The Company did not incur similar costs during the firstsame quarterperiods ofin 2026.

(4)Other expenses: The increaseincreases betweenfor the three and six month periods wasended June 30, 2026, compared to the same periods in 2025, were primarily driven by higher marketing expenses of $254,000$283,000 and $376,000, respectively, and increased customer‑related costs, including fraud,fraud-related losses, of $87,000.$83,000 and $145,000, respectively.

The Company’s estimated effective tax rate for 2026, before anyexcluding discrete period items, is 22.5%,22.1%, compared to ourthe reported effective tax rate of 17.2% for 2025 of 17.2%.2025. The increase in ourthe Company’s estimated effective tax rate is drivenprimarily byattributable the aforementioned income tax benefit fromto the deferred tax asset remeasurement,remeasurement benefit recognized in connection with the Northway acquisition during the first quarter of 2025, as well as lower forecasted tax-exempt income from municipal bonds,securities, lower income tax credits and lower BOLI income as a percentage of pre-tax income.

Total cash and cash equivalents as of MarchJune 31,30, 2026, were $133.7$99.9 million, compared to $97.5 million at December 31, 2025. The increase in cash and cash equivalents was driven by temporary deposit and investment cash flows. The Company continues to actively manage its cash balances.

Included within the Company’s cash and cash equivalents’ balances at MarchJune 31,30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, was cash held in escrow by the FHLBB as collateral posted by the counterparties for our derivatives in a net asset position totaling $7.5$13.5 million and $7.2 million, respectively. We and the counterparty manage these cash accounts daily. Refer to Notes 8 and 9 of the consolidated financial statements for additional detail on the Company’s derivatives and collateral.

The Company utilizes the investment portfolio to manage liquidity, interest rate risk, and regulatory capital, as well as to take advantage of market conditions to generate returns without undue risk. As of MarchJune 31,30, 2026 and December 31, 2025, our investment portfolio consisted of MBS, CMO, municipal and subordinated corporate debt securities; FHLBB, FRB and other correspondent bank relationship common stock; and mutual funds held in a rabbi trust for the executive and director nonqualified retirement plans.

As of MarchJune 31,30, 2026, the reported value of the Company’sCompany's total investmentsinvestment portfolio was $1.4 billion, a decrease of $45.3$64.1 million, or 3%,4%, sincefrom December 31, 2025,2025. The net change between periods was primarily driven by normalthe paydowns, calls and maturities.following: