Companies › NMHI

NMHI 10-K & 10-Q changes, risk factors and insider trading

Nature's Miracle Holding Inc. (also NMHIW) · OTC · Farm Machinery & Equipment · CIK 1947861 · All filings on SEC.gov

Everything below is quoted or computed from Nature's Miracle Holding Inc.'s public SEC filings. It is not a recommendation to buy or sell. Automated comparisons can contain errors; confirm with the original filing.

At a glance

2 / 5risk-factor paragraphs added / removed in latest 10-K
0new risk-factor headings
0Form 4 filings reporting open-market purchases (last 180 days)
0Form 4 filings reporting open-market sales (last 180 days)

Jump to: Annual report (10-K) · Quarterly report (10-Q) · Insider transactions · 13F holders

What changed in the latest 10-K

Comparing 10-K filed 2026-04-15 (period ending 2025-12-31) with 10-K filed 2025-04-16 (period ending 2024-12-31).

Risk Factors (10-K Item 1A)

2new paragraphs
5removed paragraphs
10reworded paragraphs
10,419 → 10,067words in section

Removed heading “We currently rely on a limited number of distributing centers, and our facility has not been in operation at a commercial capacity yet.”

Largest changes (selected automatically by length and topic keywords; quoted verbatim, no commentary)

Removed text topics: lawsuit, breach
“On August 22, 2023, two separate lawsuits were filed against Nature’s Miracle and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Visiontech Group Inc., a California corporation, and Hydroman Inc., a California corporation (collectively referred to as the “Defendants”) by Megaphoton. …”
see in full comparison
Removed text topics: delist
“On January 13, 2025, we received notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) has determined to delist the Company’s securities from Nasdaq based upon the Company’s non-compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), Nasdaq’s minimum shareholders’ equity rule. As a result of the Panel’s decision, as of January 15, 2025, our common stock and our warrants are trading on the OTC under its existing symbol, “NMHI” and “NMHIW” respectively.”
see in full comparison
Removed text
“We currently rely on a limited number of distributing centers, and our facility has not been in operation at a commercial capacity yet.”
see in full comparison
Reworded topics: lawsuit

Paragraph as it now reads, with added and removed wording marked:

In the course of our business, we are, and in the future may be, a party to arbitration proceedings, legal proceedings, investigations and other claims or disputes, which have related and may relate to subjects including commercial transactions, intellectual property, securities, employee relations or compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As discussed below, we are engaged in a lawsuit relating to Megaphoton Supply Agreement.
see in full comparison
Removed text
“Our projected revenues for 2023 were $126.9 million, as set forth in the prospective financial information from Nature’s Miracle, Inc.’s management’s projections prepared and provided to the Board of Directors of Lakeshore in connection with Lakeshore’s evaluation of the Business Combination. However, the actual revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for Nature’s Miracle, Inc., was approximately $9.3 million and $8.9 million, indicating a significant miss in our revenue projection. This substantial deviation from our projections may result in several risks, including:”
see in full comparison
Reworded

Paragraph as it now reads, with added and removed wording marked:

During the fiscal years 20242025 and 2023,2024, we derived a significant percentage of our total revenue from a few customers. Our five largest customers in the fiscal years 20242025 and 20232024 accounted for 51.13%56.30% and 51.13% 45.64% of our total revenue, respectively. IluminarElevated LightingEquipment Supply had been our top customer during fiscal year 2024,2025, accounting for 32.22% and 12.27% of our revenue during the fiscal years 2025 and Elevated2024, Equipment respectively. Iluminar Lighting supply had been our top customer during fiscal year 2023,2024, accounting for 17.21%4.24% and 13.11%17.21% of our revenue,revenue during the fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.
see in full comparison
Full comparison: every changed paragraph (17)

Green = added, red = removed. Unchanged paragraphs, 1 paragraphs where only numbers/dates changed, and tables are not shown. Read the complete text in the original filing.

Reworded

We have experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2022. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 20232024 and December 31, 20242025 we incurred substantial losses as shown in the financial statement section. Our actual revenue for the year ended December 31, 20232024 and 20242025 was approximately $8.9 $9.3 million and $9.3$[●] million, respectively. Such volume and relatively low gross profit margins are not enough to support high administrative costs relating to our going public and expenses as a public company. We have raised equity capital twice in 2024 but utilized most proceeds towards repayment of debt incurred in the going-public merger, higher corporate costs and paying interest and principal on short-term loans. We also raised money in 2025 by issuing convertible debt and convertible Preferred Equity. Due to the negative cash flow, our financial position is under pressure, and may potentially continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our expansion plan and related operations. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial financial statements are issued. If we are unable to realize our assets within the normal operating cycle of a twelve (12) month period, we may have to consider supplementing our available sources of funds through the following sources:

Removed

Our projected revenues for 2023 were $126.9 million, as set forth in the prospective financial information from Nature’s Miracle, Inc.’s management’s projections prepared and provided to the Board of Directors of Lakeshore in connection with Lakeshore’s evaluation of the Business Combination. However, the actual revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023 for Nature’s Miracle, Inc., was approximately $9.3 million and $8.9 million, indicating a significant miss in our revenue projection. This substantial deviation from our projections may result in several risks, including:

Reworded

We source 100% of our products from suppliers. Our top suppliers include entities in Europe, Asia and North America. We may establish aan additional manufacturing facility in North America in the future. Accordingly, we are subject to risks associated with operating in foreign countries, including:

Reworded

We launched our CEA products sales business in 2019 and have since seen rapid growth. We expect we will continue to grow as we seek to expand our indoor grower customer base and explore new market opportunities. However, due to our limited operating history, our historical growth rate may not be indicative of our future performance. The CEA industry in North America is rapidly evolving due to the constant development of technology and the variety of consumer demand. Our future performance may be more susceptible to certain risks than a company with a longer operating history. Many of the factors discussed below could adversely affect our business and prospects and future performance, including:

Reworded

During the fiscal years 20242025 and 2023,2024, we derived a significant percentage of our total revenue from a few customers. Our five largest customers in the fiscal years 20242025 and 20232024 accounted for 51.13%56.30% and 51.13% 45.64% of our total revenue, respectively. IluminarElevated LightingEquipment Supply had been our top customer during fiscal year 2024,2025, accounting for 32.22% and 12.27% of our revenue during the fiscal years 2025 and Elevated2024, Equipment respectively. Iluminar Lighting supply had been our top customer during fiscal year 2023,2024, accounting for 17.21%4.24% and 13.11%17.21% of our revenue,revenue during the fiscal years 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Reworded

Although we do have recurring customers among our top customers, typically we do not enter into long termlong-term contracts with our customers and all the orders are placed on an as-needed base. Any failure in keeping the recurring customers or developing new customers may have a material adverse impact on our results of operations.

Reworded

We occupy our warehouseswarehouse and officers under long-term long-term leases, and we may be unable to renew our leases at the end of their terms.

Reworded

Our warehouseswarehouse and corporate offices are leased for periods ranging from three to five years, with options to renew for specified periods of time. We believe that our future leases will likely also be long-term and have similar renewal options. If we close or stop fully utilizing a warehouse, we will most likely remain obligated to perform under the applicable lease, which would include, among other things, making the base rent payments, and paying insurance, taxes and other expenses on the leased property for the remainder of the lease term. As of December 31, 2024,2025, our future minimum aggregate rental commitments warehouse leases leases is approximately $0.5 million. Our inability to terminate a lease when we stop fully utilizing a warehouse or exit a market can have a significant adverse impact on our financial condition, operating results and cash flows.

Added

We currently have one warehouse in California as a distribution center. We may do a supply agreement with a U.S.-based manufacturer in the near future in which case, we can fulfill customer orders directly from such supplier.

Removed

We currently rely on a limited number of distributing centers, and our facility has not been in operation at a commercial capacity yet.

Removed

We currently have two warehouses in California as our distribution centers. We may establish a facility in North America in the future for manufacturing and assembling light-emitting diode (“LED”) grow lights and other type of lights products for indoor growing.

Reworded

Adverse changes or developments affecting our distributing centerscenter could impair our ability to deliver our products across the North American market. Any shutdown or period of reduced production, which may be caused by regulatory noncompliance or other issues, as well as other factors beyond our control, such as severe weather conditions, natural disaster, fire, power interruption, work stoppage, disease outbreaks or pandemics, equipment failure or delay in supply delivery, would significantly disrupt our ability to deliver our products, meet our contractual obligations, and operate our business in a timely manner.

Reworded

Our top suppliers are located in regions susceptible to natural and man-made disasters, such as the United States, the Netherlands, PolandStates and southern China, which have experienced either severe flooding, earthquakes, wildfires, extreme weather conditions or power loss. If there is a major earthquake or any other disaster in a region where one of our top suppliers is located, the ability of the supplier to respond to our request of products could be severely and negatively influenced. Additionally, the disasters could adversely impact the transportation condition in the region, and our ability to transport products from the supplier to our warehouses in the U.S. could be compromised, which could result in our customers experiencing a significant delay in receiving their CEA products and a decrease in our service levels for a period of time. Any such business interruption could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

Reworded

In the course of our business, we are, and in the future may be, a party to arbitration proceedings, legal proceedings, investigations and other claims or disputes, which have related and may relate to subjects including commercial transactions, intellectual property, securities, employee relations or compliance with applicable laws and regulations. As discussed below, we are engaged in a lawsuit relating to Megaphoton Supply Agreement.

Removed

On August 22, 2023, two separate lawsuits were filed against Nature’s Miracle and two of its wholly-owned subsidiaries: Visiontech Group Inc., a California corporation, and Hydroman Inc., a California corporation (collectively referred to as the “Defendants”) by Megaphoton. Megaphoton, a manufacturer and producer of artificial lighting equipment for use in agriculture and industrial applications, filed the lawsuits against the Defendants in Los Angeles Superior Court, asserting that the Defendants have breached a contract/guarantee agreement by failing to pay a total of $6,857,167, as per the terms of these agreements. Nature’s Miracle believes that there is no merit in the complaint and has filed a counter-suit against Megaphoton in Orange County Court, California, seeking affirmative relief on September 22, 2023. On March 5, 2024, Megaphoton filed requests to dismiss the cases against Hydroman and Visiontech in the Superior Court of Los Angeles.

Added

On January 15, 2025, our common stock and our warrants started trading on the OTC under its existing symbol, “NMHI” and “NMHIW” respectively.

Removed

On January 13, 2025, we received notice from Nasdaq indicating that the Nasdaq Hearings Panel (the “Panel”) has determined to delist the Company’s securities from Nasdaq based upon the Company’s non-compliance with Listing Rule 5550(b)(1), Nasdaq’s minimum shareholders’ equity rule. As a result of the Panel’s decision, as of January 15, 2025, our common stock and our warrants are trading on the OTC under its existing symbol, “NMHI” and “NMHIW” respectively.

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) (10-K Item 7)

25new paragraphs
25removed paragraphs
19reworded paragraphs
6,379 → 6,095words in section

New heading “Asset acquisition of Zak Properties, LLC”

New heading “Non-cash transactions”

Removed heading “Reverse recapitalization”

Largest changes (selected automatically by length and topic keywords; quoted verbatim, no commentary)

Removed text topics: impairment, goodwill
“Goodwill impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased 100.0% to $0 as compared to $1,023,533 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was mainly because we fully impaired goodwill acquired through Hydroman as it did not bring significant synergy to us to grow our grow light unit as expect in 2023.”
see in full comparison
New text topics: impairment
“The Company reviews the impairment of its long-lived assets on an annual basis and whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be fully recoverable. These events or changes in circumstances may include but are not limited to, a significant deterioration of operating results, a change in the regulatory environment, changes in business plans, or adverse changes in anticipated future cash flows. …”
see in full comparison
New text topics: impairment
“Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was mainly due to our net loss of approximately $12.0 million with non-cash items, including depreciation expense, provision for credit losses, amortization of debt issuance cost, stock compensation expense, non cash finance expense, loss on impairment of investment and amortization of operating right-of-use asset of approximately $5.3 million. Our cash outflow is mainly due to decrease in accounts payable of approximately $0.8 million due to decrease in our purchase from vendor. …”
see in full comparison
Removed text topics: fine
“Lakeshore entered into the Merger Agreement with Nature’s Miracle Inc. (“Nature’s Miracle”) and shareholders of Nature’s Miracle and Lakeshore on September 9, 2022, and as amended on June 7, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the merger will be completed through a two-step process consisting of the reincorporation and the merger. …”
see in full comparison
New text
“Asset acquisition of Zak Properties, LLC”
see in full comparison
Reworded topics: impairment

Paragraph as it now reads, with added and removed wording marked:

Other expenses primarily consist of net interest expense andexpense, other finance expense related to our loans.loans and net rental income. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 20242025 was $3,300,356 $4,832,733 as compared to other expense of $1,081,393$3,300,356 for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The increase was mainly due to the interestincrease expensesin increasedloss byon $1,454,409impairment of investment of 1,000,000 due to full write-off of cost method investment of Iluminar, a related party, as recoverability of the investment appears doubtful; the increase of rental expense of $711,665 due to maintenance and repairs; the increase in debt issuance cost of $690,412 due to costs incurred in connection with the issuance of new debt during the period, offset by the decrease in non-cash finance expense increasedof by$800,000; $1,000,000.the decrease in gain on loan extinguishment of $75,600.
see in full comparison
Full comparison: every changed paragraph (69)

Green = added, red = removed. Unchanged paragraphs, 1 paragraphs where only numbers/dates changed, and tables are not shown. Read the complete text in the original filing.

Removed

Reverse recapitalization

Removed

Nature’s Miracle Holding Inc., which until March 11, 2024 was known as LBBB Merger Corp. (the “Company”, “we” or “us”) is a company incorporated on August 1, 2022 under Delaware law as a wholly owned subsidiary of the Lakeshore Acquisition II Corp., a Cayman Islands exempted company (“Lakeshore”).

Removed

Lakeshore entered into the Merger Agreement with Nature’s Miracle Inc. (“Nature’s Miracle”) and shareholders of Nature’s Miracle and Lakeshore on September 9, 2022, and as amended on June 7, 2023. Pursuant to the terms of the Merger Agreement, the merger will be completed through a two-step process consisting of the reincorporation and the merger. Pursuant to the Merger Agreement, at the effective time of the merger, each share of Nature’s Miracle common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time was cancelled and automatically converted into the right to receive the applicable pro rata portion of shares of our common stock, the aggregate value of which was equal to: (a) $230,000,000 minus (b) the estimated Closing Net Indebtedness (as defined in the Merger Agreement) (the “Merger Consideration”).

Removed

On March 11, 2024, Lakeshore merged with and into the Company for the sole purpose of reincorporating Lakeshore into the State of Delaware (“Reincorporation”). Immediately after the Reincorporation, we consummated the merger resulting in the stockholders of Nature’s Miracle becoming 84.7% stockholders of our Company and our Company becoming the 100% stockholder of Nature’s Miracle. Immediately after giving effect to the merger, there were 26,306,764 issued and outstanding shares of our common stock. The consolidation of our Company and our subsidiaries have been accounted for as Lakeshore is the “acquired” company for financial reporting purposes at historical cost and prepared on the basis as if the aforementioned transactions had become effective as of the beginning of the first period presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements. All share and per share data has been retroactively restated to reflect our current capital structure.

Removed

Reverse Split

Removed

On November 18, 2024, the Company filed a certificate of amendment to its amended and restated certificate of incorporation to effect a one-for-thirty (1-for-30) reverse split (the “Reverse Split”). The Reverse Split became effective on November 21, 2024. As a result of the Reverse Split, every 30 shares of the Company’s issued and outstanding common stock were automatically converted into one share of common stock, with no change to the par value per share. All share and per share data has been retroactively restated to reflect the current capital structure and the Reverse Split of the Company.

Removed

In February 2024 the Company started shipping a new product line of grow containers. These systems are indoor vertical farming units inside a traditional shipping container but equipped with temperature controls, multiple layers of growing space, L.E.D. lights, water controls and other systems. The Company has branded these “Growtainers” and “5 plus 1” representing five grow containers plus one container used as a control unit.

Reworded

On April 24, 2023, we entered into a strategic cooperation agreement with Sinoinnovo Technology (Guangdong) Co., Ltd. (“Sinoinnovo”), a company incorporated under the laws of China, pursuant to which Nature’s MircleMiracle will source from Sinoinnovo its grow light systems for distribution in the U.S. and Europe. Both companies will also cooperate jointly to set up advanced manufacturing capabilities in China and the U.S.

Added

On October 28, 2025 we entered into a licensing agreement with Datavault AI (Nasdaq: DVLT), a leader in patented data tokenization and monetization. This agreement calls for Nature’s Miracle to license Datavault AI’s Carbon Credit Tokenization System.

Added

Asset acquisition of Zak Properties, LLC

Added

On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Big Lake Capital LLC (“Big Lake”), pursuant to which, the Company agreed to purchase from Big Lake all of the membership interests of Zak Properties, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Zak Properties”), which in turn owns certain real property located in the State of Ohio, commonly known as 405 Madison Ave. with equity and debt financing. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Tie (James) Li, is the sole member of Zak Properties prior to the sale. As such we recorded the acquisition of the property at cost. Nature’s Miracle issued 5,000 Series B and 9,500 Series C Preferred Shares to Big Lake and also signed a new note of $3 million.

Added

We acquired Zak Properties in order to strengthen our balance sheet, generate rental income to provide us a steadier stream of cashflow, and to have the ability to obtain real estate loans to augment our capital needs.

Added

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased by 81.2% to $1,742,360 as compared to $9,261,583, for the year ended December 31, 2024. Revenue declined due to cash constraints that restricted inventory purchases; as we were mainly selling our inventory on hand. The Company is seeking additional financing in fourth quarter to replenish inventory, and management expects the revenue situation to improve once inventory levels are restored.

Removed

Revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 3.7% to $9,261,583 as compared to $8,932,751 for the year ended December 31, 2024. Revenue increased due to rising customer demand from existing customers and the availability of new product lines that are new to 2024.

Reworded

For the years ended December 31, 20242025 and 2023,2024, we had 12870 and 142128 customers, customers, respectively. Average revenue per customer for the years ended December 31, 20242025 and 20232024 were approximately $78,000$24,891 and $63,000, $78,000, respectively. Our revenue from top 5 customers for the year ended December 31, 20242025 was approximately $4.7 million$981,036 compared to approximately $4.1 million$4,735,824 for the year ended December 31, 2023, 2024, representing ana increasedecrease of 16%.79.3%. The higherlower average sale and increaseddecreased revenue from top 5 customer are reflective the impact of higherlimited industryinventory demand.availability.

Removed

In addition, our staff have been in constant communication with customers on their lighting and indoor farming needs and monitor their plans to replenish old equipment and related components as well us in building new facilities. We also hired a new director of sales in January 2024 plus in March of 2024 hired a new sales representative in northern California and another hired on the east coast.

Removed

Also, our principal business is in CEA industry which rapidly expanding due to growing consumer demand for low-environmental-impact food, local food systems, and improved accessibility to high-quality produce with shorter supply chains. In addition, our access to capital market will allow us to expend significant resources to compete, increase our product supply and develop new products and new market. Starting in 2023, the Company has two customers supplying LED lighting to growers that apply to rebate programs with utility companies. Utility companies are incentivizing volume users of electricity to convert to LED lighting by providing rebates. The rebate process can take time to verify and document by Utility companies resulting in payments of 60 to 120 days. The Company believes the credit quality of rebate payers more than offset the risk of long collection turnover of receivables. For the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company has sold via these programs with total sales to two customers of approximately $1.3 million and nil, respectively.

Reworded

Costs of revenue for the year ended December 31, 20242025 increaseddecreased 22.1% 81.8% to $12,066,778$2,193,398 as compared to $9,881,622$12,066,778 for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. Cost of revenue increaseddecreased primarily due to the increase decrease in revenue, which was in turn primarily driven by higherlower sales volume of our products due to higherlimited customerinventory demand. Theavailability. increase wasWe also drivenhave written byoff a$544,469 rise inof inventory impairment, which increased to $2,315,209 for the year ended December 31, 2024,2025 from $1,269,469 inas the priorexisting year,inventory primarilywas due to slow-moving and obsolete inventory.obsolete.

Reworded

Gross loss was $2,805,195$451,038 for the year ended December 31, 20242025 and $948,871 for the years ended December 31, 2023, respectively. The gross margin$2,805,195 for the year ended December 31, 20242024, decreaserespectively. The gross loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased to (30.325.9)% from (10.630.3)% for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The decrease occurredin mainlygross loss was primarily due to theless inventory impairmentwrite off in 2025 of $2,315,209 resultedapproximately from$0.5 themillion slow-movingcompared andto obsoleteapproximately inventory$2.3 ofmillion Visiontechin and Hydroman.2024.

Removed

Excluding the impact of inventory impairment, the gross loss for the year ended December 31, 2024, was $489,986, with an adjusted gross margin of (5.3)%, compared to an adjusted gross profit and margin of $320,598 and 3.6%, respectively, for the prior year.

Reworded

Operating expenses for the year ended December 31, 20242025 increaseddecreased 48.2%11.2% to $7,542,689$6,701,283 as compared to $5,089,549$7,542,689 for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The increasedecrease was mainly due to following reasons:

Added

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2025 decreased 31.6% to $4,883,132 as compared to $7,134,120 for the year ended December 31, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to decreased Company’s stock compensation expenses of $1,074,396 as a result of completion of vesting periods of certain employees; decrease in professional fees of $399,315, mainly related to lower spending on public relations and SEC filing activities; and a decrease in payroll expenses of $731,511 resulting from a reduced headcount.

Removed

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the year ended December 31, 2024 increased 125.8% to $7,134,120 as compared to $3,158,995 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The increase was mainly due to increased compensation expenses provided to executives and key employees and increased professional fees of $1,458,985, which was attributed to increased payroll and compensation expense of $494,906. The Company started its listing on Nasdaq in March 2024 and started paying director’s and officer’s insurance, higher legal costs related to listing and SEC filing activities, additional costs in public relations, increased CPA review fees and outsourced providers. The increase also attributed to the Company’s stock compensation expenses amounted to $1,413,458 for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared with nil for the year ended December 31, 2023.

Removed

Pursuant to various agreements and board resolutions, the Company has issued shares as compensation to employees and service providers. In connection with the merger, 3,667 shares were issued as stock compensation, including 333 shares to Charles Jourdan Hausman for his board appointment and 3,334 shares to Darin Carpenter under his employment agreement. Additionally, on March 24, 2024, the board approved stock incentives for key employees, granting 3,334 shares to George Yutuc, 1,667 shares to Kirk Collins, and 1,667 shares to Amber Wang, with a total fair value of approximately $178,000. On August 1, 2024, Darin Carpenter transitioned from Chief Operating Officer to a consultant role, and as part of this agreement, his previously granted 3,334 shares were fully vested, along with a one-month salary payment.

Removed

The Company also issued shares for services rendered by external providers. Under an investor relations consulting agreement with MZHCI LLC, 5,000 shares of restricted common stock were granted, with 2,500 shares vesting immediately and the remainder vesting on October 1, 2024, at a fair value of approximately $143,000. Additionally, pursuant to board resolutions, the Company approved share issuances for service-related agreements, including 13,334 shares to Alta Waterford LLC for digital advertising services (valued at $58,000) and 75,757 shares to PX SPAC Capital Inc. for business consulting and advisory services (valued at $200,000). These issuances were made under the 2024 Incentive Plan.

Reworded

Provision for credit losses for the year ended December 31, 20242025 decreased 55.0%increased 345.0% to $408,569$1,818,151 as compared to $907,021$408,569 for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The decreaseincrease was mainlyprimarily due becauseto wehigher strengthened our credit risk management practices, including more rigorous customerestimated credit evaluationsrisk associated with outstanding receivables during the period and improvedthe full write-off of the balance due from Iluminar, a related party, as collection efforts,was whichdetermined resultedto inbe fewer delinquent accounts and reduced the need for additional reserves.doubtful.

Removed

Goodwill impairment loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 decreased 100.0% to $0 as compared to $1,023,533 for the year ended December 31, 2023. The decrease was mainly because we fully impaired goodwill acquired through Hydroman as it did not bring significant synergy to us to grow our grow light unit as expect in 2023.

Reworded

Other expenses primarily consist of net interest expense andexpense, other finance expense related to our loans.loans and net rental income. Other expenses for the year ended December 31, 20242025 was $3,300,356 $4,832,733 as compared to other expense of $1,081,393$3,300,356 for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The increase was mainly due to the interestincrease expensesin increasedloss byon $1,454,409impairment of investment of 1,000,000 due to full write-off of cost method investment of Iluminar, a related party, as recoverability of the investment appears doubtful; the increase of rental expense of $711,665 due to maintenance and repairs; the increase in debt issuance cost of $690,412 due to costs incurred in connection with the issuance of new debt during the period, offset by the decrease in non-cash finance expense increasedof by$800,000; $1,000,000.the decrease in gain on loan extinguishment of $75,600.

Added

Interest expense for the year ended of December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $3,375,272 and $2,301,600, respectively; increased as a result of multiple convertible notes and high interest loans in 2025. The convertible notes and convertible notes – related party borrowing increased was approximately $1,777,289 and $987,639, respectively. As of December 31, 2025 and 2024, the short-term loan balances were approximately $4,192,646 and $2,668,604, respectively. For the year ended December 31, 2024, 66.0% of the loans were from third-party lenders with interest rates ranging from 8.0% to 12.0%, while the remaining loans were receivables factoring loans with significantly higher interest rates ranging from 66.4% to 100.0%. In contrast, for the year ended December 31, 2025, 36.0% of the loans were from third-party lenders at 8.0% to 22.6%, with the remainder consisting of receivables factoring loans bearing interest rates between 84.0% and 97.0%. The increase in higher-rate factoring loans in the current year and the increase in overall loan balances contributed to the rise in interest expense.

Added

Non-cash finance expense for the year ended December 31, 2025 and 2024 were $200,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. This decrease is primarily due to the expensing of 3,334 shares of common stock issued under a Letter Agreement dated November 15, 2023, in connection with the merger. These shares, valued at approximately $1.0 million, were issued to Tie (James) Li and Zhiyi Zhang for their guarantees related to the repayment of the Newtek Loan, which had a principal amount of $3,700,000. The value of the shares was expensed as non-cash finance expenses upon the completion of the merger in 2024.

Added

Loss on impairment of investment for the year ended of December 31,2025 was $1000,000, due to full write-off of cost method investment in Iluminar and for the year ended December 31,2024 was nil.

Added

Other expense for the year ended of December 31, 2025 was $353,484, primarily consisting of rental expense of approximately $250,000 from Zak Properties in 2025 compared with, other income for the year ended of December 31, 2024 was $9,661, respectively.

Removed

Interest expense for the years ended of December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $2,301,600 and $847,191, respectively; increased as a result of multiple convertible notes and high interest loans in 2024. Our short-term loans and convertible notes borrowing increased from $608,312 for the year ended December 31, 2023 to $6,113,484 for the year ended December 31, 2024.

Removed

Pursuant to a Letter Agreement entered on November 15, 2023, a total of 3,334 shares of our common stock will be issued upon closing of the merger in connection with certain transactions relating to merger including: (i) 1,667 shares to Tie (James) Li and 1,667 shares to Zhiyi, Zhang (or 3,334 shares in the aggregate) in connection with their guarantees of the repayment of the Newtek Loan, which was loaned to a subsidiary of us with the principal amount of $3,700,000; The shares were valued at approximately $1.0 million and was expensed as non-cash finance expenses after consummation of the Merger.

Reworded

Income Tax BenefitExpense

Reworded

Our income tax benefitexpense was amounted to $5,100$1,700 and $218,358$5,100 for the years ended December 31, 20242025 and 2023,2024, respectively.

Reworded

The effective tax rate for the years ended December 31, 31,2025 and 2024 and 2023 were (0.04)%0.0% and (3.07)%, respectively.0.0%. The effective tax rate differs from the federal and state statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets from our operating losses.

Added

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2025 was $11,986,754 as compared to net loss of $13,653,340 for the year ended December 31, 2024, representing a decrease of $1,666,586. The decrease was primarily due to an decrease of gross loss and a decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses.

Removed

Net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 was $13,653,340 as compared to net loss of $7,338,171 for the year ended December 31, 2023, representing an increase of $6,315,169. The increase in net loss for the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to the year December 31, 2023 was primarily due to increased interest expenses, salaries and compensation expense and stock compensation expense after merger, higher level of legal and accounting costs related to the Nasdaq listing and SEC filings, higher public relations costs.

Reworded

In assessing liquidity, we monitor and analyze cash on-hand and operating expenditure commitments. Our liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements and operating expense obligations. To date, we financed our operations primarily through debt financing from financial institution and related parties. As of December 31, 2024,2025, we had $420,131$97,694 in cash which primarily consists of bank deposits, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Our working capital deficit was approximately $14.6 million$22,299,535 as of December 31, 2024.2025.

Added

Subsequent to December 31, 2025, We obtained approximately $0.3 million in proceeds from convertible notes and promissory notes for liquidity. See Note 20 for further details.

Removed

On February 7, 2025, we entered into a standard merchant cash advance agreement with Wave advance Inc (the “Factor L”). The Company sold $183,750 of its accounts receivable balances on a recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The net purchase price of $107,500 was remitted to us, after the deduction of the total fees of $8,750. We agreed to pay a weekly installment of $13,125 for 14 weeks. The effective interest rate of this agreement was 113.58%. For the period ended February 28, 2025, we paid $41,559 principal of the loan.

Removed

On February 11, 2025, we entered into another standard merchant cash advance agreement with Factor I. We sold 94,250 of its accounts receivable balances on a recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The net purchase price $61,070 was remitted to the company, after the deduction of the total fees $3,390. We agreed to pay a weekly installment of $6,732 for 14 weeks. The effective interest rate of this agreement was 25.37%. The Company use this loan to pay off $18,125 previous loan with Factor I that dated on February 10, 2025. For the period ended February 25, 2025, we paid $4,362 principal of the loan.

Removed

On February 11, 2025, we entered into another standard merchant cash advance agreement with Factor K. We sold $147,000 of its accounts receivable balances on a recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The net purchase price $92,605 was remitted to the company, after the deduction of the total fees $7,395. We agreed to pay a weekly installment of $10,500 for 14 weeks. The effective interest rate of this agreement was 96.04%. The Company use this loan to pay off $37,760 previous loan with Factor K that dated on September 30, 2024. For the period ended February 25, 2025, we paid $18,389 principal of the loan.

Removed

On February 25, 2025, we entered into another standard merchant cash advance agreement with Factor L. We sold $280,770 of its accounts receivable balance on a recourse basis for credit approved accounts. The net purchase price $177,630 was remitted to the company, after the deduction of the total $13,370. We agreed to pay a weekly installment of $17,550 for 16 weeks. The effective interest rate of this agreement was 95.63%. The Company use this loan to pay off $137,500 previous loan with Factor L that dated on February 7, 2025. For the year ended February 28, 2025, we paid $41,558.94 Principal of the loan.

Reworded

We have experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2022. For the fiscalyears years ended December 31, 20232025 and December 31, 20242024, we incurred substantial losses as shown in the financial statement section. Our actual revenue for the yearyears ended December 31, 20232025 and 2024 was approximately $8.9$1.7 million and $9.3 million, respectively. Such volume and relatively low gross profit margins are not enough to support high administrative costs relating to our going public and expenses as a public company. We have raised equity capital twice in 2024 but utilized most proceeds towards repayment of debt incurred in the going-public merger, higher corporate costs and paying interest and principal on short-term loans. Due to the the negative cash flow, our financial position is under pressure, and may potentially continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional additional cash from outside sources to fund our expansion plan and related operations. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued. If we are unable to realize our assets within the normal operating cycle of a twelve (12) month period, we may have to consider supplementing our available sources of funds through the following sources:

Added

We have a $20 million equity financing program (“ELOC”) with GHS Investment and this was declared effective by SEC. The Company can draw on this facility for its working capital needs and others.

Added

We have access to investors who are providing convertible note financing for public companies and we have been utilizing the convertible note for part of our financing needs.

Added

Our shareholder also offers support for the Company. Big Lake Capital, LLC, a related party controlled by Tie Li (our Chairman and CEO) entered into a $2 million Convertible Promissory Note on April 11, 2025 with the initial tranche of $600,000. We have borrowed $813,600 and converted $652,800 for the year ended December 31, 2025 under this note, with $1,186,400 of credit still available.

Added

Net cash used in operating activities was approximately $4.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2025, which was mainly due to our net loss of approximately $12.0 million with non-cash items, including depreciation expense, provision for credit losses, amortization of debt issuance cost, stock compensation expense, non cash finance expense, loss on impairment of investment and amortization of operating right-of-use asset of approximately $5.3 million. Our cash outflow is mainly due to decrease in accounts payable of approximately $0.8 million due to decrease in our purchase from vendor. Our cash outflow is offset by cash inflow of approximately $1.2 million of inventory due to sold more on hand inventory, increase from other payable and accrued liabilities of approximately $1.1 million mainly consists of accrued professional fees and accrued interest on short term loans, long term loans and convertible notes. Additionally, approximately $0.8 million decreased in accounts receivable as our sales decreased.

Reworded

Net cash used in operating activities was $5,934,771approximately $6.0 million for the year ended December 31, 2024, which was mainly due to our net loss of $13,653,340approximately $13.7 million with non cash expenses of $1,000,000,$1.0 million, stock compensation expenses of $1,413,458,$1.4 million, inventory impairment loss of $2,315,209,approximately $2.3 million, and other non cash item, including depreciation expense, provision for credit losses, amortization of operating right-of-use asset, amortization of debt issuance cost, and loss on loan extinguishment of $1,073,935.approximately $1.1 million. Our cash outflow is also increased from increase in accounts receivable of $1,672,144approximately $1.7 million due to increased revenue. Our cash outflow is offset by cash inflow of $2,609,342approximately $2.6 million due to increase from accounts payable as we increased our purchase from vendors and $952,291 approximately $1.0 million decreased in inventory as we used more on hand inventory.

Removed

Net cash used in operating activities was $1,680,128 for the year ended December 31, 2023. We had net loss of $7,338,171, our cash outflow from operating cashflow decreased by $2,486,509 as we used more inventory on hand instead of making new purchases offset by decrease of accounts payable as we payoff more vendors using on hand cash.

Added

For the year ended December 31, 2025, net cash used in investing activities amount to approximately $0.9 million which was primarily for deposit from investment of Future Tech of approximately $0.7 million and deposit from licensing fee of Datavault AI of $0.2 million.

Removed

For the year ended December 31, 2023, net cash used in investing activities amount to $437,087 which was primarily for loan to related parties of $570,000, offset by loan repayment from third parties of $132,913.

Reworded

Net cash provided by financing activities was $6,173,048approximately $4.5 million for the year ended December 31, 2024.2025. The increase in net cash provided was primarily a result of proceeds from capital contribution in advance of approximately $1.4 million, net proceeds from exercise of warrants of approximately $0.9 million, net proceeds from short-term loan from third parties of $4,915,984,approximately shares$2.0 andmillion, warrantsnet issuedproceeds through public offerings of $3,308,953, andfrom convertible notes borrowing of $1,197,500,approximately $2.3 million offset offset by payments of deferred offering costs of 266,925, repayments on long term loans of $269,119, repayments on short-term loan from third parties of $2,850,239approximately and$1.2 million, repayments on convertible notes of 272,920.approximately $0.8 million, repayments on short-term loan from related parties of approximately $0.2 million.

Reworded

Net cash provided by financing activities was approximately $1,527,817$6.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.2024. The main reason for the increase in net cash provided was primarily a result of net proceeds from long-termshort-term loan borrowing from third parties of $3,338,546,approximately short-term$5.0 loanmillion, shares and warrants issued through public offerings of approximately $3.3 million, and convertible notes borrowing from third parties of $608,312,approximately and$1.2 short-term loan borrowing from related parties of $773,255,million, offset by payments of deferred offering costs of $438,932,approximately $0.3 million, repayments on long term loans which are mainly our car and mortgage loan of $167,830,approximately $0.3 million, repayments on short-term loan from third parties of $1,858,591,approximately $2.9 million and repayments on shortconvertible term loans from related partiesnotes of $700,000.approximately We$0.3 also obtained $197 from Merger with Lakeshore.million.

Added

Non-cash transactions

Added

Non-cash transactions primarily consisted of asset acquisition via preferred stock issuance of approximately $9.4 million and asset acquisition via convertible note issuance of $3.0 million pursuant to the asset acquisition of Zak Properties, LLC, with preferred stock and a convertible note issued as consideration for the membership interests.

Reworded

Transaction prices are mostly fixed. In some contracts, when determining the transaction price, we adjustsadjust consideration for the effects of the time value of money if the timing of payments provides provides us with a significant benefit of financing. We does not assess whether a contract has a significant financing component if the expectation at contract inception is such that the period between payment by the customers and the transfer of the promised goods or services to the licensees will be one year or less. We had one contract with customer with installment payment terms of up to 16 months. The difference between the contract price and our cash selling price of the same products are recognized as interest income over the term of the payments. Interest income amounted to $0 and $78,385 for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, respectively. This contract was terminated on July 12, 2023. For customers that entered into rebate programs with utility companies, transaction price may depend on level of energy saving the products achieved. We estimated the amount of consideration using either the expected value of the most likely amount depending on which method we expects to better predict the amount of consideration to which it will receive with a constraint applied such that a significant reversal of revenue is not probable.

Reworded

We transfer the risk of loss or damage upon shipment, therefore, revenue from product sales is recognized at a point in time when control of product transfer to customer and we hashave no further obligation to provide services related to such product evidenced by customer signing acceptances upon receipt of goods. Return allowances, which reduce product revenue by our best estimate of expected product returns, are estimated using historical experience.

Showing the first 60 of 69 changed paragraphs. The complete comparison will be part of Pro (coming soon). Meanwhile you can read the full text in the original filing.

What changed in the latest 10-Q

Comparing 10-Q filed 2026-05-27 (period ending 2026-03-31) with 10-Q filed 2025-11-14 (period ending 2025-09-30).

Risk Factors (10-Q Part II, Item 1A)

7new paragraphs
1removed paragraphs
0reworded paragraphs
82 → 594words in section

New heading “We have incurred substantial operating losses since 2022 and there is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.”

New heading “Our stock has a very low trading price and has been moved to lower tier levels at OTC Markets.”

Largest changes (selected automatically by length and topic keywords; quoted verbatim, no commentary)

New text topics: going concern
“We have incurred substantial operating losses since 2022 and there is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.”
see in full comparison
New text topics: going concern, liquidity
“We can make no assurances that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to us, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on us and would materially adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.”
see in full comparison
New text topics: going concern
“We have experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2022. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025 we incurred substantial losses as shown in our 10K financial statement section. Our actual revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 was approximately $9.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Such declining and low volume combined with low gross profit margins are not enough to support high administrative costs relating to our expenses as a public company and regular operating expenses. …”
see in full comparison
Removed text topics: fine, regulation
“As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this item. In any event, there have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in our final prospectus, dated July 15, 2025, filed with the SEC on July 17, 2025.”
see in full comparison
New text topics: delist
“Even after a reverse stock split in November 2024, our stock continues to trade at low levels. We failed to meet the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Market and was delisted in January 2025. Our stock went below .01 per share in 2026 and consequently, the OTC Markets Group moved us from OTCQB to OTCID, the latter is for Companies trading below .01 per share.”
see in full comparison
New text
“Our stock has a very low trading price and has been moved to lower tier levels at OTC Markets.”
see in full comparison
Full comparison: every changed paragraph (8)

Green = added, red = removed. Unchanged paragraphs and tables are not shown. Read the complete text in the original filing.

Added

We have incurred substantial operating losses since 2022 and there is doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern.

Added

We have experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2022. For the fiscal years ended December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2025 we incurred substantial losses as shown in our 10K financial statement section. Our actual revenue for the year ended December 31, 2024 and 2025 was approximately $9.3 million and $1.7 million, respectively. Such declining and low volume combined with low gross profit margins are not enough to support high administrative costs relating to our expenses as a public company and regular operating expenses. We raised equity capital twice in 2024 but utilized most proceeds towards repayment of debt incurred in the going-public merger, higher corporate costs and paying interest and principal on short-term loans. We also raised money in 2025 by issuing convertible debt and convertible Preferred Equity. We have drawn on our Equity Line of Credit but these were relatively small amounts that fund daily operations or repay maturing interest and debt. We also secured a $5 million real estate loan but the proceeds were used to refinanced prior outstanding loans and for expenditure on leasehold improvements. Due to the negative cash flow, our financial position is under pressure, and may potentially continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our expansion plan and related operations. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these consolidated financial statements are issued. If we are unable to realize our assets within the normal operating cycle of a twelve (12) month period, we may have to consider supplementing our available sources of funds through the following sources:

Added

We can make no assurances that required financings will be available for the amounts needed, or on terms commercially acceptable to us, if at all. If one or all of these events does not occur or subsequent capital raises are insufficient to bridge financial and liquidity shortfall, there would likely be a material adverse effect on us and would materially adversely affect our ability to continue as a going concern.

Added

These risks may threaten our operational viability and could materially adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of operations.

Added

Our stock has a very low trading price and has been moved to lower tier levels at OTC Markets.

Added

Even after a reverse stock split in November 2024, our stock continues to trade at low levels. We failed to meet the listing requirements of the Nasdaq Market and was delisted in January 2025. Our stock went below .01 per share in 2026 and consequently, the OTC Markets Group moved us from OTCQB to OTCID, the latter is for Companies trading below .01 per share.

Added

We anticipate capital raises via share issuances to be difficult based on the low trading price and lower attractiveness of OTCID traded stocks, The lower trading price will also affect the conversion price provided to convertible loan lenders necessitating much higher number of share issuances which further dilutes our current shareholders.

Removed

As a smaller reporting company as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and in item 10(f)(1) of Regulation S-K, we are electing scaled disclosure reporting obligations and therefore are not required to provide the information requested by this item. In any event, there have been no material changes in our risk factors as previously disclosed in our final prospectus, dated July 15, 2025, filed with the SEC on July 17, 2025.

Management's Discussion & Analysis (MD&A) (10-Q Part I, Item 2)

8new paragraphs
37removed paragraphs
32reworded paragraphs
7,134 → 5,750words in section

New heading “Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share”

Removed heading “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”

Removed heading “For the Nine Months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024”

Removed heading “Costs of Revenue”

Removed heading “Operating expenses”

Removed heading “Selling, General and Administrative Expenses”

Removed heading “Provision for credit losses”

Removed heading “Income Tax Expense”

Largest changes (selected automatically by length and topic keywords; quoted verbatim, no commentary)

Removed text
“Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.”
see in full comparison
Removed text
“For the Nine Months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024”
see in full comparison
Removed text topics: securities and exchange commission
“The following discussion and analysis are intended as a review of significant factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. The discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and the other information set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 16, 2025. …”
see in full comparison
Removed text
“Selling, General and Administrative Expenses”
see in full comparison
New text
“Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share”
see in full comparison
Removed text
“Provision for credit losses”
see in full comparison
Full comparison: every changed paragraph (77)

Green = added, red = removed. Unchanged paragraphs and tables are not shown. Read the complete text in the original filing.

Removed

The following discussion and analysis are intended as a review of significant factors affecting our financial condition and results of operations for the periods indicated. The discussion should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements and the related notes included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and the other information set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 16, 2025. In addition to historical information, the following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contains forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties. Our actual results could differ significantly from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of certain factors discussed herein and any other periodic reports filed and to be filed with the SEC.

Removed

Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operation.

Reworded

The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis should be read in conjunction with our unaudited condensed financial statements and the related notes thereto included elsewhere in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q and the audited financial statements and the other information set forth in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024 filed with Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) on April 16, 2025.herein. The Management’s Discussion and Analysis (“MD&A”) contains forward-looking statements that involve risks risks and uncertainties, such as statements of our plans, objectives, expectations and intentions. Any statements that are not statements of historical fact are forward-looking statements. When used, the words “believe,” “plan,” “intend,” “anticipate,” “target,” “estimate,” “expect,” and the like, and/or future-tense or conditional constructions (“will,” “may,” “could,” “should,” etc.), or similar expressions, identify certain of these forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are subject to risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results or events to differ materially from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements in this form. Our actual results and the timing of events could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of several factors.

Added

Historical results may not indicate future performance. Our forward-looking statements reflect our current views about future events, are based on assumptions and are subject to known and unknown risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from those contemplated by these statements. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements, including any changes that might result from any facts, events, or circumstances after the date hereof that may bear upon forward-looking statements. Furthermore, we cannot guarantee future results, events, levels of activity, performance, or achievements. Unless otherwise indicated or the context otherwise requires, references in this section to “we,” “us,” “our,” and other similar terms refer to Nature’s Miracle Holding Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and VIE.

Reworded

We are a growing agriculture technology company providing products to indoor growers in a CEA (Controlled Environment Agriculture) setting in North America. Our main products are commercial grade LED lights and related equipment designed for indoor growers. For over 10 years, the Company has utilized manufacturing relationships in China to provide quality and cost-efficient products in this space. In the 4th quarter 2024, we renamed a subsidiary to Hydroman Electric Inc. for the purpose of entering electric vehicle (“EV”) market as we aim to distribute EV medium sized trucks to customers in Latin America and also develop indoor growing systems within these EV trucks. In 2024, the Company also started investments in Future Tech Inc., a Bitcoin mining and data center business. In 2025, the Company made announcements to enter the field of Digital Treasury Management with an emphasis on XRP as a base cryptocurrency and its applications on tokenization of real-world assets.

Added

The Company acquired a commercial office building in Toledo, Ohio in September 2025. The building is the highest office tower in Toledo and is rented to a local court, major law firms and other tenants. We started recognizing office rental income and related espenses starting in the fourth quarter of 2025.

Reworded

We operate mainly through twothree subsidiaries in California, VisiontechVisiontech, Hydroman and Hydroman.Zak Properties LLC. Visiontech is known for the brand “eFinity” and provides high-efficiency and high-quality grow lights, grow media, fixtures and other related equipment; Hydroman supplies commercial greenhouse developers and owners with professional lighting technology and equipment. On November 11, 2024, Hydroman, Inc. changed its name to Hydroman Electric Corporation and will focus on business of electric vehicles distribution. Zak Proprties LLC owns the building in Toledo Ohio.

Reworded

On September 18, 2025, the Company entered into a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement (the “Purchase Agreement”) with Big Lake Capital LLC (“Big Lake”), pursuant to which, the Company agreed to purchase from Big Lake all of the membership interests of Zak Properties, LLC, an Ohio limited liability company (“Zak Properties”), which in turn owns certain real property located in the State of Ohio, commonly known as 405 Madison Madison Ave. with equity and debt financing. The Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chairman, Tie (James) Li, is the sole member of Zak Properties prior to the sale. As such we recorded the acquisition of the property at cost. Nature’s Miracle issued 5,000 Series Series B and 9,500 Series C Preferred Shares to Big LakeLake, assumed 2.6 million in loans and also signed a new note of $3 million.

Reworded

For the Three Months ended SeptemberMarch 31, 30, 20252026 and 20242025

Reworded

Revenue for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2025 2026 decreased by 97.6% 96.2% to $72,377$41,605 as compared to $3,052,727$1,106,819, for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. Revenue declined due to cash constraints that that restricted inventory purchases; as we were mainly selling our inventory on hand. The Company is seeking additional financing in fourthsecond quarter to replenish inventory, and management expects the revenue situation to improve once inventory levels are restored.

Reworded

For the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 and 2024, 2025, we had 246 and 59 47 customers, respectively. Average revenue per customer for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2026 and 2025 were $6,934 and 2024$23,549, were $3,016 and $51,741, respectively. Our revenue from top 5 customers for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 was $62,179$41,330 compared to $2,303,692 $831,086 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024,2025, representing a decrease of 97.3%.95.0%. The lower average sale and decreased revenue from top 5 customer are reflective the impact of limited inventory availability.

Reworded

Costs of revenue for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 decreased 97.5%95.8% to $71,951$38,685 as compared to $2,824,614$931,519 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. Cost of revenue decreased primarily primarily due to the decrease in revenue, which was in turn primarily driven by lower sales volume of our products due to limited inventory availability.

Reworded

Gross profit was $426$2,920 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026, andcompared $228,113to $175,300 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024,2025. respectively. The grossGross margin decreased to 7.0% for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 decrease to 0.6% from 7.5%15.8% for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. The decrease in gross profit was primarily attributable to the significant decline in revenue during the period. The decrease in gross margin was primarily drivendue byto the salelimited ofworking existing inventory,capital, which carriedrestricted lowerthe margins.Company’s ability to purchase higher-margin products.

Reworded

Operating expenses for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 decreased 40.1%18.4% to $1,331,949$1,090,784 as compared to $2,223,550$1,336,394 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. The decrease was mainly due to following reasons:

Reworded

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 decreased 44.9%17.0% to $1,205,125$1,089,802 as compared to $2,186,953$1,313,111 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. The decrease was mainly due to decreased Company’s stock compensation expenses of $763,929 as a result of completion of vesting periods of certain employees; decrease in professional fees of $93,082,$148,018, mainly related to lower spending on public relations and SEC filing activities; and a decrease in payroll expenses of $216,283$146,760 resulting from a reduced headcount.headcount, which offset by increase in depreciation expenses of $106,180, resulting from increased building improvement from acquisition of Zak Properties.

Reworded

Provision for credit losses for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 increaseddecreased 246.5%95.8% to $126,824$982 as compared to $36,597$23,283 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024.2025. The increase decrease was primarily due to higherthe estimatedfull allowance of long-aged accounts receivable previously deemed uncollectible, resulting in lower incremental credit risk associated with outstanding receivablesloss provisions during the current period.

Reworded

Other ExpensesIncome (Expense)

Reworded

Other expensesincome (Expense) primarily consist of net interest interest expense, othergain financeon expenseloan relatedextinguishment, gain on debt settlement and change in fair value of commitment shares to ourbe loans and net rental income.issued. Other expenses Income for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2025 2026 was $839,266$3,933,138 as compared to other expense of $754,899$857,017 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 31, 30,2025, 2024.representing an increase of $4,790,155, or 558.9%. The increase was mainly due to the increase in nongain cashon financedebt expensesettlement of $5,070,520; the increase in change in fair value of $200,000,commitment shares to be issued of $168,048, offset by the increase in other expense of $524,716, the decrease in interestgain expenseson loan extinguishment of $179,329.$40,000.

Added

Interest expense for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $780,714 and $897,017, respectively; decreased due to multiple high interest loans got terminated in 2025. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the short-term loan balances were approximately $4.8 million and $2.6 million, respectively. As of March 31, 2026 and 2025, the high-rate factoring loans balances were approximately $0.8 million and $1.1 million, respectively. The decrease in higher-rate factoring loans in the current period and the decrease in overall loan balances contributed to the decrease in interest expense.

Removed

Interest expense for the three months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $559,140 and $738,468, respectively; decreased as a result of multiple high interest loans matured and the accrued interest decreased during three months ended of September 30, 2025. For the three months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the short-term loan borrowing increase was approximately $0 and $489,970, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the short-term loan balances were approximately $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively.

Reworded

Non-cashGain financeon expenseloan extinguishment for the three months ended of SeptemberMarch 30, 202531, 2026 and 20242025 were $200,000$0 and $0,$40,000, respectively. ThisThe increasedecrease is primarilywas due to the expensingextinguishment of commitmenta sharesshort-term toloan, which bewas issuedpaid under the Amended Equity Financing Agreementoff with GHSa Investmentsnew datedloan, Julyand 25,the cancellation of a convertible note in 2025.

Added

Gain on debt settlement for the three months ended of March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $5,070,520 and $0, respectively. The increase was due to a gain recognized in connection with the settlement of litigation with Megaphoton, Inc., whereby the Company issued equity, made cash payments, and entered into related arrangements to resolve outstanding obligations.

Removed

Rental income, net for the three months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $12,126 and $0, respectively.

Reworded

OtherChange incomein fair value of commitment shares to be issued for the three months ended of SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2026 and 2025 waswere $90 $168,048 and other$0, expenserespectively Other expenses for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 were $524,716 and $0, respectively, primarily consisting of Septemberrental 30,expense 2024from wasZak $1,300, respectively.Properties.

Reworded

Our income tax expense was amounted to $0 and $0$1,700 for the three months Septemberended 30,March 202531, 2026 and 2024,2025, respectively.

Reworded

The effective tax rate for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 and 20242025 were 0.0% and 0.0%.(0.1)%. The effective tax rate differs from the federal and state statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets from our operating losses.

Added

Basic and Diluted Earnings (Loss) Per Share

Added

Basic earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $0.02, compared to basic loss per share of $(0.43) for the three months ended March 31, 2025. Diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was $0.01, compared to diluted loss per share of $(0.43) for the three months ended March 31, 2025. The improvement in both basic and diluted earnings per share was primarily attributable to net income recognized during the three months ended March 31, 2026, which was mainly driven by the non-recurring gain on debt settlement. The difference between basic and diluted earnings per share for the three months ended March 31, 2026 was primarily due to the inclusion of potentially dilutive securities, including convertible notes and preferred shares, which increased the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding.

Reworded

Net Income (Loss)

Reworded

Net lossIncome for the three months ended September 30,March 202531, 2026 was $2,170,789 $2,845,274 as compared to net loss of $2,750,336$2,019,811 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2024,2025, representing aan decreaseincrease of $579,547. $4,865,085. The decrease increase was primarily due to decreasea ofgain grosson profit,debt selling, general and administrative expenses.settlement.

Removed

For the Nine Months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024

Removed

The following table presents certain combined statement of operations information and presentation of that data as a percentage of change from year to year.

Removed

Revenue

Removed

Revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 80.8% to $1,663,205 as compared to $8,662,414 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Revenue declined due to cash constraints that restricted inventory purchases; as we were mainly selling our inventory on hand. The Company is seeking additional financing in Q4 to replenish inventory, and management expects the revenue situation to improve once inventory levels are restored.

Removed

For the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024, we had 68 and 114 customers, respectively. Average revenue per customer for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $24,459 and $75,986, respectively. Our revenue from top 5 customers for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $986,685 compared to $5,443,321 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, representing a decrease of 81.9%. The lower average sale and decreased revenue from top 5 customer are reflective the impact of limited inventory availability.

Removed

Costs of Revenue

Removed

Costs of revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 81.0% to $1,458,521 as compared to $7,669,764 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cost of revenue decreased primarily due to the decrease in revenue, which was in turn primarily driven by lower sales volume of our products due to limited inventory availability.

Removed

Gross Profit

Removed

Gross profit was $204,684 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and $992,650 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. The gross margin for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increase to 12.3% from 11.5% for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase in gross margin was primarily driven by higher sales of new, higher-margin products such as grow media products. Sales revenue from grow media and related products increased to $360,340 for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, compared to $192,221for the same period in 2024.

Removed

Operating expenses

Removed

Operating expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 27.0% to $3,849,952 as compared to $5,275,475 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to following reasons:

Removed

Selling, General and Administrative Expenses

Removed

Selling, general and administrative expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 decreased 32.0% to $3,543,861 as compared to $5,214,487 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to decrease Company’s stock compensation expenses of $988,239 as a result of completion of vesting periods of certain employees; decrease in professional fees of $265,016, mainly related to lower spending on public relations and SEC filing activities; and a decrease in payroll expenses of $520,682 resulting from a reduced headcount.

Removed

Provision for credit losses

Removed

Provision for credit losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 increased 401.9% to $306,091 as compared to $60,988 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to higher estimated credit risk associated with outstanding receivables during the period.

Removed

Other Expenses

Removed

Other expenses primarily consist of net interest expense, other finance expense related to our loans and net rental income. Other expenses for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $2,314,569 as compared to other expense of $2,540,136 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. The decrease was mainly due to the decrease in non cash finance expense of $800,000, offset by the increase of interest expenses of $535,040.

Removed

Interest expense for the nine months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $2,062,483 and $1,527,443, respectively; increased as a result of multiple convertible notes and high interest loans in 2025. The convertible notes and convertible notes – related party borrowing increased was approximately $1,993,300 and $797,500, respectively. As of September 30, 2025 and 2024, the short-term loan balances were approximately $2.6 million and $2.9 million, respectively. For the nine months ended September 30, 2024, 66.0% of the loans were from third-party lenders with interest rates ranging from 8.0% to 12.0%, while the remaining loans were receivables factoring loans with significantly higher interest rates ranging from 66.4% to 100.0%. In contrast, for the nine months ended September 30, 2025, 36.0% of the loans were from third-party lenders at 8.0% to 22.6%, with the remainder consisting of receivables factoring loans bearing interest rates between 84.0% and 97.0%. The increase in higher-rate factoring loans in the current year and the increase in overall loan balances contributed to the rise in interest expense.

Removed

Non-cash finance expense for the nine months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $200,000 and $1,000,000, respectively. This decrease is primarily due to the expensing of 3,334 shares of common stock issued under a Letter Agreement dated November 15, 2023, in connection with the merger. These shares, valued at approximately $1.0 million, were issued to Tie (James) Li and Zhiyi Zhang for their guarantees related to the repayment of the Newtek Loan, which had a principal amount of $3,700,000. The value of the shares was expensed as non-cash finance expenses upon the completion of the merger in 2024.

Removed

Rental income, net for the nine months ended of September 30, 2025 and 2024 were $12,126 and $0, respectively.

Removed

Other expense for the nine months ended of September 30, 2025 was $11,870 and other income for the nine months ended of September 30, 2024 was $2,438.

Removed

Income Tax Expense

Removed

Our income tax expense was amounted to $1,700 and $2,500 for the nine months September 30, 2025 and 2024, respectively.

Removed

The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 were 0.0% and 0.0%. The effective tax rate differs from the federal and state statutory tax rate of 21.0% primarily due to the valuation allowance on the deferred tax assets from our operating losses.

Removed

Net Loss

Removed

Net loss for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 was $5,961,537 as compared to net loss of $6,825,461 for the nine months ended September 30, 2024, representing a decrease of $863,924. The decrease was primarily due to decrease of selling, general and administrative expenses.

Reworded

In assessing liquidity, we monitor and analyze cash on-hand and operating expenditure commitments. Our liquidity needs are to meet working capital requirements and operating expense obligations. To date, we financed our operations primarily through debt financing from financial institution and related parties. As of March 31, 2026, September 30, 2025, we had $61,450$45,695 in cash which primarily consists of bank deposits, which are unrestricted as to withdrawal and use. Our working capital deficit was approximately $19.0 million$17,685,917 as of SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2025.2026.

Reworded

We have experienced recurring losses from operations and negative cash flows from operating activities since 2022. ForAlthough the Company reported net income of $2,845,274 for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2026, 2025primarily due to a gain on debt settlement of $5,070,520, the Company continues to incur operating losses and 2024,negative andcash forflows from operating activities. These conditions raise substantial doubt about the nineour monthsability endedto September 30, 2025 and 2024 we incurred substantial lossescontinue as showna ingoing the financial statement section.concern. Our actual revenue for the three months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 20252026 and 20242025 was approximately $72,377$42,000 and $3.1 million, respectively. Our actual revenue for the nine months ended September 30, 2025 and 2024 was approximately $1.7 million and $8.7$1.1 million, respectively. Such volume and relatively low gross profit margins are not enough to support high administrative costs relating to our going public and expenses as a public company. We have raised equity capital twice in 2024 but utilized most proceeds towards repayment of debt incurred in the going-public merger, higher corporate costs and paying interest and principal on short-term loans. Due to the negative cash flow, our financial position is under pressure, and may potentially continue to have, an ongoing need to raise additional cash from outside sources to fund our expansion plan and related operations. Successful transition to attaining profitable operations is dependent upon achieving a level of revenues adequate to support our cost structure. In connection with our assessment of going concern considerations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standard Board’s Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) 2014-15, “Disclosures of Uncertainties about an Entity’s Ability to Continue as a Going Concern,” management has determined that these conditions raise substantial doubt about our ability to continue as a going concern within one year after the date that these unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements are issued. If we are unable to realize our assets within the normal operating cycle of a twelve (12) month period, we may have to consider supplementing our available sources of funds through the following sources:

Reworded

We have a $20 million equity financing program (“ELOC”) with GHS InvestmentInvestments, LLC and this was declared effective by SEC. The Company can draw on this facility for its working capital needs and others. The Company received $78,752 and others.nil for the three months ended March 31, 2026 and 2025 under this facility, with approximately $19.7 million of credit still available.

Reworded

Our shareholder also offers support for the Company. Big Lake Capital, LLC, a related party controlled by Tie Li (our Chairman and CEO) entered into a $2 million Convertible Promissory Note on April 11, 2025 with the initial tranche of $600,000. We have borrowed $652,800$170,000 and nil for the ninethree months ended SeptemberMarch 30,31, 2026 and 2025 under this note andnote, maywith borrow up to an additional amount$1,016,400 of $1,347,200credit understill the note.available.

Showing the first 60 of 77 changed paragraphs. The complete comparison will be part of Pro (coming soon). Meanwhile you can read the full text in the original filing.

NMHI insider buying and selling (Form 4)

Since 2026-04-11, insiders reported open-market purchases in 0 Form 4 filings and open-market sales in 0 filings. Totals add up every open-market (code P and S) line in those filings, using the prices reported in the filings. Awards, option exercises, tax withholding and gifts are listed below but not counted.

No Form 4 stock transactions in this period.

Well-known investors holding NMHI (13F)

None of the 59 investors we track reported a position in their latest 13F.

Coming soon: email alerts when NMHI files, watchlists and downloadable comparisons.