PALX 10-K & 10-Q changes, risk factors and insider trading

Investing in our common shares involves a high degree of risk. An investment in our securities is speculative and involves a high degree of risk due to the nature of our business and the present stage of development and commercialization of our optical communications and photonics technology. You should carefully consider the risks described below, as well as the other information in this Annual Report, including our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and Part II, Item 7. entitled “Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations,” and in any documents incorporated in this Annual Report by reference, before deciding whether to invest in our common shares. The occurrence of any of the events or developments described below could harm our business, financial condition, results of operations, and growth prospects and could cause them to differ materially from the estimates described in forward-looking statements in this Annual Report. In such an event, the market price of our common shares could decline, and you may lose all or part of your investment. Although we have discussed all known material risks, the risks described below are not the only ones that we may face. Additional risks and uncertainties not currently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Certain statements below are forward-looking statements. See also “Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements” in this Annual Report.

Risks Related to Our Business and Industry

Changes in government trade policies, including the imposition of tariffs and export restrictions, could have an adverse impact on our business operations and sales.

The United States or foreign governments may enact changes in trade policies that could adversely impact our ability to source and sell products internationally. For example, the U.S. government has recently imposed and/or threatened tariffs on a broad range of imported goods, particularly those from China, in response to perceived unfair trade practices. In retaliation, the Chinese government has imposed significant tariffs on certain U.S. products.

We may rely on global supply chains for certain components and products used in our operations, including goods sourced from China. Governmental actions affecting international trade, such as the imposition of tariffs, quotas, export restrictions, or other trade barriers—particularly between the United States and China—could materially increase our cost of goods, delay shipments, or disrupt supply chains. In recent years, the U.S. government has imposed, and continues to consider, significant tariffs and trade restrictions on a broad range of imports from China in response to perceived unfair trade practices. In turn, China and other affected countries have implemented retaliatory measures.

Although we cannot predict future actions regarding tariffs, export restrictions, or other trade barriers—nor the products or countries that may be affected—the global trade environment remains dynamic and uncertain. Such developments could materially affect our operations, particularly if significant tariffs or restrictions are placed on goods imported from China.

While we have the ability to source certain products from alternative regions such as South Korea and Taiwan, such alternatives may not fully offset the impact of sudden or widespread trade disruptions. Further escalation of trade tensions or regulatory restrictions could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We operate in the optical communications and photonics segments of the semiconductor industry, which are cyclical and subject to significant downturns.

The markets in which we operate — including optical transceivers and photonics components for high-performance computing and data center applications — are subject to cyclical trends and rapid technological evolution. These segments of the semiconductor industry are characterized by constant product innovation, evolving standards, compressed product lifecycles, and fluctuations in customer demand and capital spending. In addition, intense pricing pressure and the risk of product obsolescence may lead to inventory write-downs, margin compression, and declining average selling prices. Periods of weak demand in AI infrastructure, hyperscale data centers, or broader semiconductor markets may result in excess capacity and reduced profitability for companies like ours. If we are unable to respond swiftly to such downturns by adjusting our cost structure, R&D priorities, or go-to-market strategies, our revenue, gross margins, liquidity, and overall financial performance could be materially and adversely affected.

Our revenue growth and gross margin are substantially dependent on our successful development and commercialization of new optical transceiver products based on our proprietary microLED technology.

Maintaining or growing our revenue may depend, among other things, on our ability to timely develop and introduce new products that address evolving customer requirements for performance, energy efficiency, integration, and cost-effectiveness in the data center, AI infrastructure, and high-performance computing markets. Failure to introduce new products at sufficient volumes or on schedule could materially and adversely affect our revenue growth.

The development and commercialization of optical transceiver modules is a complex process involving advanced gallium nitride (GaN) semiconductor materials, microLED device architectures, packaging integration, and system-level performance validation. We have experienced, and may continue to experience, delays or setbacks in product development or ramping manufacturing capacity. Our ability to successfully develop products depends on various factors, including accurate anticipation of customer needs and evolving technical standards; availability of skilled engineers and manufacturing capabilities; design and production yield performance; customer acceptance of our technology; protection of our intellectual property; and securing licenses for third-party technologies when necessary.

New product development cycles in our industry typically span over one year and require substantial investment in R&D, engineering, and commercialization efforts, with potential delays before return on investment is realized. Failure to anticipate or respond promptly to technological shifts or competitive innovations could result in loss of design wins, declining market share, reduced gross margins, and adversely impact our ability to sustain or grow revenue.

The outcome of any litigation in which we are involved in is unpredictable and an adverse decision in any such matter could subject us to damage awards and lower the market price of our stock.

From time to time, we may be a party to certain litigation matters. Any such disputes, litigations, investigations, administrative proceedings or enforcement actions may divert financial and management resources that would otherwise be used to benefit our operations, result in negative publicity and harm our customer or supplier relationships. An adverse resolution of any such matter in the future, including the results of any amicable settlement, could subject us to material damage awards or settlement payments, loss of contractual or other rights, injunctions or other limitations on the operation of our business or other material harm to our business.

We may fail to successfully acquire or integrate new businesses, products, and technology, and we may not realize expected benefits, resulting in harm to the business.

We intend to grow our business through acquisitions of complementary companies, products, or technologies that align with our strategic goals. However, identifying suitable acquisition targets can be challenging, costly, and time-consuming, and we may not always be able to successfully complete such transactions. Moreover, acquisitions could divert management’s attention from core operations, potentially impacting our business performance.

Even if acquisitions are completed, successfully integrating new organizations, products, technologies, and employees is complex and may not achieve anticipated benefits or synergies. Potential unknown issues such as product quality deficiencies, regulatory compliance gaps, or intellectual property risks—undetected during due diligence—could arise post-acquisition. Addressing such issues may be costly and time-consuming, potentially adversely affecting our financial condition and operations.

Acquisitions may also introduce unanticipated expenses, liabilities, and operational complexities, including compliance challenges under regulations such as the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. There is no assurance that acquisitions will improve profitability or cash flow, and failure to realize expected benefits could harm our business and financial results.

System security and data breaches, cyber-attacks and other related cyber security incidents could disrupt our internal operations and/or supply chain, result in the loss of our, our customers’, and our suppliers’ proprietary and confidential information, adversely impact our reputation and business, and result in potentially significant expenses, costs, liabilities and other negative consequences, any or all of which could adversely affect results of operations and our stock price.

Despite implementing security measures, we are subject to risk of attack from malicious threat actors, which could include agents of organized crime or nation-state or nation-state supported actors. We manage and store various proprietary information and sensitive or confidential data relating to our business and our employees. In addition, we manage and store a significant amount of proprietary and sensitive or confidential information from third parties. Unauthorized insiders and/or third-party threat actors may be able to penetrate our security measures, evade our controls, or exploit vulnerabilities in our systems or our third-party providers’ systems and misappropriate or compromise our, our customers’ or our suppliers’ proprietary and confidential information, including intellectual property and personal information of our current and former employees, create system disruptions, or cause shutdowns. Threat actors also may be able to develop and deploy viruses, worms, phishing attempts, ransomware, and other malicious software that attack our websites, computer systems, access to critical information, products, or otherwise exploit security vulnerabilities. The sophistication, scale and frequency of cyber-attacks has continued to increase and evolve at a rapid pace, and the risk of attack may be heightened when our employees are working remotely. Artificial intelligence and machine learning also may be used for certain cybersecurity attacks, improving or expanding the existing capabilities of threat actors in manners we cannot predict at this time, resulting in greater risks of security incidents and breaches. The risk of state-sponsored or geopolitical-related cybersecurity incidents has also increased due to ongoing geopolitical tensions with China or incidents, such as the war in Ukraine or the Israel-Hamas war. Our prioritization of security measures and remediation of known vulnerabilities may prove inadequate and we may be unable to anticipate or protect against attacks. If an incident occurs, we may be unable to detect it for an extended period of time.

Any breach of our security measures or the loss, inadvertent disclosure, or unapproved dissemination of proprietary information or sensitive or confidential data about us, our customers, our suppliers or our employees, including the potential loss or disclosure of such information or data, could result in numerous risks and adverse consequences. Such consequences include remediation costs, litigation and potential liability for us, including as a result of U.S. or foreign governmental investigations or enforcement actions, penalties for violation of applicable laws or regulations, including laws and regulations in the United States and other jurisdictions relating to the collection, use and security of user and other personally identifiable information and data, damage to our brand and reputation, the loss of sales and customer or supplier relationships, negative impacts to our employee recruiting and retention, loss of intellectual property protection, risk of inadequate insurance coverage and increased insurance premiums, and numerous other financial, legal and business risks, any or all of which could harm our business, financial condition and results of operations and result in significant stock price volatility. In addition to our own systems, our business also is reliant upon the security of various third parties in our supply chain, and any breach of their systems and securities could result in our being subjected to the numerous risks and adverse consequences noted above.

Because we operate a fabless business model, we may not be eligible for certain U.S. government incentives and tax credits offered to promote domestic semiconductor production.

From time to time, governments may provide subsidies or make other investments that could give competitive advantages to certain semiconductor companies. For example, in 2022, the U.S. government passed the Creating Helpful Incentives to Produce Semiconductors & Sciences Act to provide $52.7 billion of funding to U.S.-based semiconductor companies to promote domestic production. Because we operate a fabless business model, we may not be eligible for such incentives from the U.S. government at this time. However, many of our current and future competitors maintain their own fabrication facilities and may secure such funding, which could benefit them in connection with cost, capacity, and technical issues. Additionally, to remain competitive with top talent, we may need to incur additional costs to provide certain additional benefits even though we are not receiving subsidies or other government funding. These competitive pressures could adversely affect our business, financial condition, and results of operations.

We operate in intensely competitive markets. Our failure to compete effectively would harm our results of operations.

The semiconductor industry is extremely competitive. Palomino currently competes with a number of large domestic and international companies in the field of high-performance optical electronic and optical interconnect solutions, some of which have greater financial, technical, and management resources than we do. In addition, efforts to introduce new products into markets with established competitors expose us to additional competitive pressures. Our primary markets include AI servers, data centers, and high-speed optical interconnects, where customer expectations and requirements are rapidly evolving. For example, customers will expect us to provide turnkey system-level solutions and to commit to future roadmaps that entail technical risks.

Some of our competitors may be better positioned to meet changing customer needs and secure design wins. Increasing competition in the markets in which we operate may negatively impact our revenue and gross margins. For example, competitors with greater financial resources may be able to offer lower prices, additional products, services, or other incentives that we may not be able to match.

We may also face discriminatory or anti-competitive practices from our competitors that could impede our growth, cause us to incur additional expenses, or otherwise negatively affect our business. Additionally, some competitors may use their market power to discourage customers from purchasing our products.

Moreover, many of our competitors operate and maintain their own fabrication facilities, and have longer operating histories, greater brand recognition, larger customer bases, and more extensive sales, marketing, and distribution resources than we do.

Furthermore, the semiconductor industry has experienced significant consolidation in recent years. Such consolidation has altered and may continue to alter the competitive landscape, capabilities, and market shares of industry participants, which could put us at a competitive disadvantage and harm our results of operations.

Costs related to defective products could have a material adverse effect on us.

We are currently developing and will sell highly complex optical transceiver modules and micro-LED-based photonics components, and accordingly, there is a risk of defects in our products. Such defects could lead to significant costs, including customer warranty claims, the cost of replacement products, increased support and service efforts, or loss of customer goodwill. Moreover, since the cost of replacing defective products used in high-value data center or industrial systems is often much higher than the price of the components themselves, we may be subject to claims from customers for damages exceeding the amounts paid to us, including consequential damages.

In addition, because our optical components are typically expected to be integrated into customer systems that support mission-critical applications such as data center infrastructure, high-performance computing, or medical imaging equipment, any malfunction or defect in our products that contributes to the failure of these systems could expose us to liability claims, reputational harm, or the loss of future business. Our customers may be required to recall or replace their end-products if a defect is traced back to our components, and in such cases, they may seek indemnification or cost-sharing from us. If such product issues arise in high-volume or high-stakes markets, we could incur substantial expenses and reputational damage. Any such defect-related costs could materially and adversely affect our business, results of operations, and financial condition.

If we fail to maintain effective internal control over financial reporting, or if we identify material weaknesses in the future, our ability to produce accurate and timely consolidated financial statements could be impaired, which may adversely affect investor confidence in our company and the value of our securities.

We have not yet fully developed or maintained an effective control environment that meets the requirements of Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. Our limited resources, lack of sufficient personnel with appropriate expertise in U.S. GAAP and SEC reporting requirements, and evolving internal processes have contributed to material weaknesses in our internal control over financial reporting.

If our remediation efforts are insufficient or if we identify additional material weaknesses in the future, our ability to record, process, and report financial information accurately and on a timely basis could be adversely affected. Any such failure could result in misstatements in our consolidated financial statements, delays in required filings, loss of investor confidence, potential delisting from a securities exchange, and a decline in the market price of our securities.

We have generated no revenue from commercial sales to date and our future profitability is uncertain.

We have a limited operating history and our business is subject to all of the risks inherent in the establishment of a new business enterprise, which make our prospects hard to evaluate. Any evaluation of our business and our prospects must be considered in light of the uncertainties, problems, expenses, difficulties, complications and delays frequently encountered in connection with development and expansion of a new business enterprise. Since inception, we have incurred losses and expect to continue to operate at a net loss for at least the next several years as we commence our research and development efforts and develop manufacturing, sales, marketing and distribution capabilities. There can be no assurance that the products under development by us will be approved for sale in the United States or elsewhere. Furthermore, there can be no assurance that if such products are approved they will be successfully commercialized, and the extent of our future losses and the timing of our profitability are highly uncertain. Many of these factors are beyond the control of our management. If we are unable to achieve profitability, we may be unable to continue our operations.

We have limited access to the capital markets and even if we can raise additional funding, we may be required to do so on terms that are dilutive to you.

We have limited access to the capital markets to raise capital. The capital markets have been unpredictable in the recent past for unprofitable companies such as ours. In addition, it is generally difficult for development stage companies to raise capital under current market conditions. The amount of capital that a company such as ours is able to raise often depends on variables in market conditions that are beyond our control. As a result, we may not be able to secure financing on terms attractive to us, or at all. If we are able to consummate a financing arrangement, the amount raised may not be sufficient to meet our future needs. If adequate funds are not available on acceptable terms, or at all, our business, including our results of operations, financial condition and our continued viability will be materially adversely affected. If we are able to secure future financing, it may be done on terms that are potentially dilutive to you.

We may, in the future, seek to enter into collaborations with third parties for the development and commercialization of our technologies. If our collaborators cease development efforts under our collaboration agreements, or if any of those agreements are terminated, these collaborations may fail to lead to commercial products and we may never receive milestone payments or future royalties under these agreements.

Given our current early stage of development, we may in the future seek collaborations with academic institutions, component manufacturers, or other players in the optoelectronics sector to advance the commercialization of our microLED-based interconnect platform. If we fail to enter into suitable agreements, or if such collaborations are not successful, we may be unable to leverage external resources to further our product development and commercialization efforts.

With both our existing license agreement and any future collaborations, we will have limited control over how much and when collaborators commit resources, set development timelines, or choose technology directions. As a result, our ability to derive value from these arrangements depends heavily on the collaborators’ ability to perform their assigned responsibilities.

Collaborations may expose us to the following risks:

As a result, our current or future collaborations may fail to advance our platform efficiently or at all. If a collaborator undergoes a major business change—such as a merger or restructuring—they may reduce or cease focus on our projects, potentially harming our business, financial condition, results of operations and future prospects.

Moreover, if a collaboration is terminated, we may have to independently fund pre-commercialization efforts, handle marketing, or defend IP—any of which could alter our business strategy and materially impact our financial and operational trajectory.

Our products are in the early stages of development.

Our products are at an early development stage. Further laboratory testing, engineering validation, and specific qualification processes will be required before our products can be commercially launched. Adverse or inconclusive results from pre-commercial testing or qualification procedures may substantially delay or halt the further development or commercialization of one or more of our products.

We currently have no sales and marketing organization. If we are unable to establish satisfactory sales and marketing capabilities and/or secure a sales and marketing partner, we may not successfully commercialize our products.

We do not have direct experience in sales or marketing. To commercialize our products, if and when they are ready for market, we must build our marketing, sales, managerial, and other non-technical capabilities or make arrangements with third parties to perform these functions, which may not be successful. Despite the technical expertise of our leadership team, we have limited experience as a company in sales and marketing, especially in the semiconductor and optoelectronic markets. Building and managing a sales organization involves significant challenges, including hiring, retaining, and incentivizing qualified personnel, generating sales leads, providing adequate training, and managing a geographically dispersed team.

In addition, we may not be able to enter into collaboration agreements with sales and marketing partners on acceptable terms or at all. Even if such partnerships are formed, we may have limited control over the sales, marketing, and distribution activities of third parties. Our future revenues may heavily depend on these partners’ efforts. If we choose to build our own sales and marketing infrastructure, we may not achieve a positive return on this investment. Furthermore, we must compete with established, well-funded semiconductor and technology companies to recruit, hire, and retain skilled sales personnel.

Factors that may inhibit our commercialization efforts without strategic partners include:

If we fail to attract, hire and retain qualified personnel, we may not be able to develop, market, or sell our products or successfully manage our business.

Competition for highly qualified personnel in our industry, particularly for employees with technical backgrounds, is intense. Some companies in our industry have adopted flexible remote work arrangements providing more flexibility than ours that further increase competition for talent. Accordingly, we expect competition for qualified personnel to intensify because there are only a limited number of individuals in the job market with the skills that we require. There also is a risk that changes in immigration laws and regulations, or their administration or enforcement, can impair our ability to attract and retain qualified engineering personnel. In the U.S., where a significant portion of our research and development teams are located, tightening of immigration controls may adversely affect the employment status of non-U.S. engineers and other key technical employees or further impact our ability to hire new non-U.S. employees. Moreover, certain immigration policies in the U.S. may make it more difficult for us to recruit and retain highly skilled foreign national graduates of universities in the U.S., additionally limiting the pool of available talent. There are significant costs to the Company associated with attracting and retaining qualified personnel in key technology positions. Recruiting and employee costs, such as cash and stock-based compensation, have increased relative to historic levels and may continue to increase, which could adversely affect our results of operations. Further, the loss of the services of key personnel or our inability to hire new personnel with the requisite skills or to assimilate talent could restrict our ability to develop new products or timely enhance existing products, sell products to our customers, or manage our business effectively.

We are currently dependent upon our only key executives.

Our success depends, in part, upon the continued services of the key members of our management. Our executives’ knowledge of the market, our business and our Company represents a key strength of our business, which cannot be easily replicated. The success of our business strategy and our future growth also depend on our ability to attract, train, retain and motivate skilled managerial, sales, administration, development and operating personnel.

We may have conflicts with our partners that could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our product.

We may have conflicts with our partners, such as disputes concerning the interpretation of technical milestones, ownership of jointly developed intellectual property, fulfillment of development obligations, payment for services, or the interpretation of contractual terms. If conflicts arise, a partner may act in a manner that is contrary to our business interests. Any such disagreement could result in one or more of the following outcomes, each of which could delay or prevent the development, commercialization, or deployment of our technology solutions and, in turn, negatively impact our ability to generate revenue.

Any such disagreement could result in one or more of the following, each of which could delay or prevent the development or commercialization of our products, and in turn prevent us from generating revenues: unwillingness on the part of a partner to pay us milestone payments or royalties we believe are due to us under a collaboration; uncertainty regarding ownership of intellectual property rights arising from our collaborative activities, which could prevent us from entering into additional collaborations; unwillingness by the partner to cooperate in the development or manufacture of the product, including providing us with product data or materials; unwillingness on the part of a partner to keep us informed regarding the progress of its development and commercialization activities or to permit public disclosure of the results of those activities; initiating of litigation or alternative dispute resolution options by either party to resolve the dispute; and attempts by either party to terminate the agreement.

Such outcomes could materially impact our operations, delay our go-to-market strategy, or harm our reputation with future partners or customers.

Forward-Looking Statements

Throughout this section, unless otherwise noted, “we,” “us,” “our,” “Company” and similar terms refer to Palomino Laboratories Inc. prior to the closing of the Merger, and to the Company after the closing of the Merger. Following is a discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations. You should read the following together with our consolidated financial statements and the related notes and other financial information included in this Report. Some of the information contained in this discussion and analysis or set forth elsewhere in this Report, including information with respect to our plans and strategy for our business, includes forward-looking statements that involve risks and uncertainties as described under the heading “Forward-Looking Statements” elsewhere in this Report. You should review the disclosure under the heading “Risk Factors” in this Report for a discussion of important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results described in or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in the following discussion and analysis.

Basis of Presentation

The following discussion highlights our results of operations and the principal factors that have affected our financial condition as well as our liquidity and capital resources for the periods described and provides information that management believes is relevant for an assessment and understanding of the statements of consolidated financial condition and results of operations presented herein. The following discussion and analysis are based on our consolidated financial statements contained in this Annual Report, which we have prepared in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles. You should read the discussion and analysis together with such consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto.

The Company is a fabless semiconductor company pioneering the next generation of high-performance microLED-based optoelectronic solutions for data communication. Our mission is to enable ultra-high-speed, energy-efficient optical interconnects that replace legacy copper-based PCIe and Ethernet links in compute-intensive environments. The Company is commercializing a breakthrough platform built on advanced gallium nitride (GaN) compound semiconductor materials. This proprietary technology enables scalable and cost-efficient manufacturing of ultra-compact, high-speed optical transceivers, with significant improvements in power, size, and bandwidth density over traditional laser-based solutions. Its differentiated value proposition lies in leveraging high-efficiency microLEDs as optical sources in transceiver modules that can be seamlessly integrated into silicon packages or interposers. This approach unlocks the potential for high-density, chip-scale optical I/O—fundamentally reshaping the future of data movement in AI servers, data centers and high-performance computing systems. See “Description of Business” above.

On September 29, 2025, Unite Acquisition 3 Corp.’s wholly owned subsidiary, Palomino Acquisition Co., a Delaware corporation formed in the State of Delaware on August 19, 2025 (“Merger Sub”), merged with and into Palomino Laboratories, Inc., a privately held Delaware corporation (prior to the merger, “Private Palomino”). Pursuant to this transaction (the “Merger”), Private Palomino was renamed to Rhino Subsidiary Inc. and became the Company’s wholly owned subsidiary and all of the outstanding stock of Private Palomino was converted into shares of the Company’s common stock, par value $0.0001 per share. As a result, Unite ceased to be a shell company and continues as a public reporting company under the new name, Palomino Laboratories Inc.

Prior to the closing of the Offering the Company’s board of directors adopted an equity incentive plan reserving a number of shares of common stock equal to 15% of the shares to be outstanding after completion of the Merger and the final closing of the Offering, on a fully diluted basis (assuming exercise or conversion of all then-outstanding common stock equivalents), for the future issuance, at the discretion of the board of directors, of options and other incentive awards to officers, key employees, consultants and directors of the Company and its subsidiaries.

The sole holder of common stock of the Company prior to the Merger, Lucius Partners, retained 4,000,000 shares of common stock after the Merger, following cancellation of 1,000,000 shares of common stock. The merger agreement contained customary representations and warranties and pre- and post-closing covenants of each party and customary closing conditions. The Company operates in a single reportable segment. All revenues, expenses, and assets are reflected on a consolidated basis. Accordingly, no additional segment disclosures are required under Accounting Standards Codification (ASC) 280, “Segment Reporting.

Recent Developments

Leases (Operating Lease)

Subsequent to December 31, 2025, the Company entered into a lease agreement for approximately 2,754 square feet of office and laboratory space located in Suite 102 at 130 Castilian Drive, Goleta, California (the “Castilian Lease”). The Castilian Lease commenced on January 1, 2026 and expires on December 31, 2028, with an option to renew for an additional 36-month term. The Company expects to recognize a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability upon lease commencement in accordance with ASC 842. No amounts related to this lease have been recognized in the accompanying consolidated financial statements as of December 31, 2025, except for prepaid rent and a security deposit of $9,253 each, recognized under prepaid expenses and other assets in the consolidated balance sheets.

The Company is currently assessing the impact of ASC 842, Leases, and expects to recognize a right-of-use asset and corresponding lease liability upon lease commencement.

Stock option grants

In January, February and March of 2026, the Company granted 515,000 stock options and 150,000 restricted common awards to various employees and consultants. The Company is currently assessing the impact of the stock option and restricted common award grants.

Emerging Growth Company and Smaller Reporting Company Status

Section 102(b)(1) of the Jumpstart Our Business Startups Act (“JOBS Act”) exempts emerging growth companies from being required to comply with new or revised financial accounting standards until private companies (that is, those that have not had a Securities Act registration statement declared effective or do not have a class of securities registered under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended) are required to comply with the new or revised financial accounting standards. The JOBS Act provides that a Company can elect to opt out of the extended transition period and comply with the requirements that apply to non-emerging growth companies but any such election to opt out is irrevocable. Until the Company is considered to be an emerging growth company, the Company has elected not to opt out of such extended transition period which means that when an accounting standard is issued or revised and it has different application dates for public or private companies, the Company, as an emerging growth company.

We are also a “smaller reporting company” as defined in the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. We may continue to be a smaller reporting company even after we are no longer an emerging growth company. We may take advantage of certain of the scaled disclosures available to smaller reporting companies until the fiscal year following the determination that our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is $250 million or more measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter, or our annual revenues are less than $100 million during the most recently completed fiscal year and our voting and non-voting common stock held by non-affiliates is $700 million or more measured on the last business day of our second fiscal quarter.

The Offering

Immediately following the effective time of the Merger, we issued, in a private placement offering, 5,344,623 Units, for an aggregate purchase price of approximately $8,016,937 at a purchase price of $1.50 per Unit, with each Unit consisting of (i) one share of common stock, (ii) a Warrant Share.

In connection with the Offering, the Placement Agent (a) was paid at each closing from the Offering proceeds a total cash commission of 10.0% of the aggregate gross purchase price paid by purchasers in the Offering at that closing, (b) was paid at each closing from the Offering proceeds a total non-allocable expense allowance equal to 2.0% of the aggregate gross purchase price paid by purchasers in the Offering at the closing, and (c) received (and/or its designees will receive) the Placement Agent Warrants.

Subsequent to the initial offering, there were two additional closings of the private placement offering, 1,159,394 Units, for gross proceeds of $1,739,091 at a purchase price of $1.50 per Unit, with each Unit consisting of (i) one share of common stock, (ii) a warrant representing the right to purchase one share of common stock, exercisable from issuance until one year after the final Closing of the Offering at an exercise price of $1.50 per share. 1,159,394 Warrants were issued in connection with these additional closings.

Description of Warrants

The Warrants will have an exercise price of $1.50 per share and a term of one (1) year after commencement of trading on an approved market and will be exercisable solely for cash.

The Warrants will have “weighted average” anti-dilution protection, subject to customary exceptions, including but not limited to issuances of awards under the 2025 Equity Incentive Plan.

The Placement Agent Warrants will have an exercise price of $1.80 per share and a term of seven (7) years from the final closing of the Offering and will be exercisable for cash or on a cashless net exercise basis.

The Warrants are equity-classified for accounting purposes.

The Merger was treated as a recapitalization and reverse acquisition for the Company for financial reporting purposes, and the Company is considered the acquirer for accounting purposes. As a result of the Merger and the change in the Company’s business and operations, a discussion of the past financial results of the Company is not pertinent, and under applicable accounting principles, the historical financial results of the Company, the accounting acquirer, prior to the Merger will be considered our historical financial results.

Since the Company’s inception in 2023, it has devoted substantially all of its efforts and financial resources to building the organization, including raising capital, organizing and staffing the company, business planning, and providing general and administrative support for these operations. Prior to the merger, the Company has funded its operations primarily with proceeds from the sale and issuance of SAFE Notes. From inception through December 31, 2025, the Company raised aggregate net proceeds of $1.8 million from the issuance and sale of Simple Agreement for Future Equity (SAFE) Liabilities.

During the years ended December 31, 2025 and 2024, the Company’s net losses were $3,163,196 and $16,198, respectively. Substantially all of its net losses have resulted from costs incurred from general and administrative costs associated with our operations.

The Company believes that its existing cash and cash equivalents balance along with proceeds from private placement in October 2025 will be sufficient to support operations for at least one year from the issuance date of these consolidated financial statements.

The Company expects to incur additional losses and negative operating cash flow for the foreseeable future as it continues to hire additional personnel, protects its intellectual property and grows its business. The Company will need to raise additional capital to support its continuing operations and pursue its long-term business plan. Financing activities may include, but are not limited to, public or private equity offerings, debt financings, or other sources. Such activities are subject to significant risks and uncertainties.

Uncertainty in the global economy presents significant risks to the Company’s business. The Company is subject to continuing risks and uncertainties in connection with the current macroeconomic environment, including increases in inflation, fluctuating interest rates, new or increased tariffs and other barriers to trade, changes to fiscal and monetary policy or government budget dynamics, recent bank failures, geopolitical factors, including the ongoing conflicts between Russia and Ukraine and in the Middle East and the responses thereto, and supply chain disruptions. While the Company is closely monitoring the impact of the current macroeconomic and geopolitical conditions on all aspects of the Company’s business, including the impacts on its employees, suppliers, vendors and business partners and the Company’s future access to capital, the ultimate extent of the impact on the Company’s business remains highly uncertain and will depend on future developments and factors that continue to evolve. Most of these developments and factors are outside the Company’s control and could exist for an extended period of time. The Company will continue to evaluate the nature and extent of the potential impacts to its business, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources.

Operating Expenses

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses consist primarily of salaries and employee-related costs, including stock-based compensation, for personnel in executive, finance, and other administrative functions. Other significant costs include facilities related expenses, legal fees related to intellectual property and corporate matters, other professional fees for accounting, auditing and consulting services, and other administrative expenses.

The Company expects that its general and administrative expense will increase for the foreseeable future as it continues to support its operations to support the growth of its business. Following the Merger, the Company also expects increased expenses related to audit, legal, regulatory and tax-related services associated with maintaining compliance with exchange listing and SEC requirements, director and officer insurance premiums, board of director fees, investor relations costs and other expenses that it did not incur as a private company.

Other Income (Expense)

Change in fair value of SAFE notes

We assessed the SAFEs as liabilities under ASC 480. We carry the SAFEs at their estimated fair value at issuance and remeasure the estimated fair value through earnings until settled. The SAFEs were settled in connection with the Merger.

Interest Income

Interest income consists of interest earned from the Company’s cash and cash equivalents.

Results of Operations

The year ended December 31, 2025, compared to the year ended December 31, 2024

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $2,702,834 for the year ended December 31, 2025, compared to $6,123 in for the year ended December 31, 2024. The increase was primarily due to the increase in stock compensation expense due to issuance of restricted stock to the chief executive officer and director and various consultants of $1,441,823, increase in professional fees to assist the Company with public company readiness of approximately $493,674, University of California commitment to the engineering department of approximately $233,333 and increase in payroll expenses related to the chief executive officer, and other employees of approximately $365,724.

Change in fair value SAFE notes

We recognized a change in fair value of $461,252 related to the SAFE Notes for the year ended December 31, 2025 versus $13,550 for the year ended December 31, 2024. This change was mainly attributable to an increase in value given the conversion of the SAFE notes upon the success completion of the Merger.

Interest Income

For the year ended December 31, 2025, and 2024, Company recognized $890 and $3,475, respectively, of interest income related to certain cash and cash equivalents.

OTCQB Listing

On April 17, 2026, the Company’s common stock began trading on the OTCQB Venture Market under the symbol “PALX,” following approval of the Company’s listing application by OTC Markets Group Inc.

Private Placement

Stock Option Grants

On July 11, 2026, the Board of Directors approved grants of time-based and performance-based stock options under the Company’s 2025 Stock Incentive Plan. The options have an exercise price of $4.86 per share, equal to the fair market value of the Company’s common stock at the grant date as determined by the Board, and a term of ten years. Time-based options covering 110,000 shares vest over four years with a one-year cliff. Performance-based options covering 620,000 shares vest only upon the Company’s completion of a qualifying strategic acquisition (the “Acquisition Milestone”) by the end of calendar year 2026, followed by monthly service vesting over twelve months. Because the grant date occurred subsequent to June 30, 2026, no share-based compensation expense related to these awards is reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2026.

Acquisition of Vega Links, Inc.

On July 30, 2026, the Board of Directors approved the acquisition of Vega Links, Inc. (“Vega Links”). Under the terms of the agreement, the Company will issue 4,472,000 shares of its common stock as consideration for the net assets of Vega links. No amounts related to the acquisition are reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2026. The accounting assessment for this transaction is still underway as of the date of this filing.

New Lease

On July 14, 2026, the Board of Directors approved the execution of a lease for office and technical space in California. The lease was signed in July 2026. The Company expects to recognize a right-of-use asset and a corresponding lease liability upon commencement of the lease under ASC 842. Because the lease was entered into subsequent to June 30, 2026, no right-of-use asset or lease liability related to this lease is reflected in the Company’s condensed consolidated financial statements for the quarter ended June 30, 2026.

The six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to the six months ended June 30, 2025

General and Administrative Expenses

General and administrative expenses were $1,501,998 for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $355,273 in the same period of last year. The increase was primarily due to increase in public company costs and payroll and compensation costs.

Research and Development Expenses

Research and development expenses were $1,106,876 for the six months ended June 30, 2026, compared to $0 in the same period of last year. The increase was primarily due to building out of the Company’s operations and research and development activities which included payments to third-party consulting services, employee compensation, and nanofabrication lab usage.

Change in fair value SAFE notes

We recognized a change in fair value of $0 related to the SAFE Notes for the six months ended June 30, 2026 versus $241,300 for the six months ended June 30, 2025. This change was mainly attributable to the Company’s SAFE notes that were in existence during 2025. Upon the Merger in September 2025, the SAFE notes were converted into common stock.

Interest Income

For the six months ended June 30, 2026, and 2025, Company recognized $410 and $821, respectively, of interest income related to certain cash and cash equivalents.

Net cash provided by financing activities was $1,670,020 for the six months ended June 30, 2025, primarily due to the proceeds from issuance of SAFE notes.